{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1770727116927,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K00384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K00384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted using a drone with advanced mobility to develop a unified sensor and communication system as a new platform for in situ atmospheric measurements. As a major cause of air pollution, particulate matter (PM) has been attracting attention globally. We developed a small, lightweight, simple, and cost-effective multi-sensor system for multiple measurements of atmospheric phenomena and related environmental information. For in situ local area measurements, we used a long-range wireless communication module with real-time monitoring and visualizing software applications. Moreover, we developed four prototype brackets with optimal assignment of sensors, devices, and a camera for mounting on a drone as a unified system platform. Results of calibration experiments, when compared to data from two upper-grade PM2.5 sensors, demonstrated that our sensor system followed the overall tendencies and changes. We obtained original datasets after conducting flight measurement experiments at three sites with differing surrounding environments. The experimentally obtained prediction results matched regional PM2.5 trends obtained using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks trained using the respective datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:18:52Z","timestamp":1626643132000},"page":"4881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Development of Drone-Mounted Multiple Sensing System with Advanced Mobility for In Situ Atmospheric Measurement: A Case Study Focusing on PM2.5 Local Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Madokoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Software and Information Science, Iwate Prefectural University, Takizawa 020-0693, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo 015-0055, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nagayoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-0851, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Chiyonobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7660-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo 015-0055, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanwool","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo 015-0055, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106663","article-title":"How Much More Global Warming and Sea Level Rise?","volume":"307","author":"Meehl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04477","article-title":"Hurricanes and Global Warming","volume":"438","author":"Landsea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/68\/6\/R02","article-title":"Global Warming","volume":"68","author":"Houghton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rep. 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