{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:43:16Z","timestamp":1771015396027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to test a series of methods relying on hyperspectral measurements to characterize phytoplankton in clear lake waters. The phytoplankton temporal evolutions were analyzed exploiting remote sensed indices and metrics linked to the amount of light reaching the target (EPAR), the chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]OC4) and the fluorescence emission proxy. The latter one evaluated by an adapted version of the Fluorescence Line Height algorithm (FFLH). A peculiar trend was observed around the solar noon during the clear sky days. It is characterized by a drop of the FFLH metric and the [Chl-a]OC4 index. In addition to remote sensed parameters, water samples were also collected and analyzed to characterize the water body and to evaluate the in-situ fluorescence (FF) and absorbed light (FA). The relations between the remote sensed quantities and the in-situ values were employed to develop and test several phytoplankton primary production (PP) models. Promising results were achieved replacing the FA by the EPAR or FFLH in the equation evaluating a PP proxy (R2 &gt; 0.65). This study represents a preliminary outcome supporting the PP monitoring in inland waters by means of remote sensing-based indices and fluorescence metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T22:35:02Z","timestamp":1627425302000},"page":"5072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preliminary Investigation on Phytoplankton Dynamics and Primary Production Models in an Oligotrophic Lake from Remote Sensing Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cesana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Cogliati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Giardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remika","family":"Gupana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Surface Waters\u2014Research and Management, \u00dcberlandstrasse 133, 8600 D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7993-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Santabarbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photosynthesis Research Unit, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBF), Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5289-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Pinardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Austoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EcoDyctya Srl, 21020 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3627-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruddick, K.G., Voss, K., Boss, E., Castagna, A., Frouin, R., Gilerson, A., Hieronymi, M., Carol Johnson, B., Kuusk, J., and Lee, Z. 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