{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:11:26Z","timestamp":1760235086471,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Development of a measurement system for low-frequency characteristics of acoustical materials based on parametric arrays","award":["201977100065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201977100065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a sound transmitting device that relies on the nonlinearity of a medium, a parametric array (PA) can generate high-directivity low-frequency signals using a small aperture transducer and high-frequency signals. Despite their relatively low source level, the PA is frequently used to measure the acoustic properties of materials in low-frequency regions owing to their high directivity in confined acoustic water tanks. Therefore, methods for improving the source level of secondary signals are of interest. Currently, there are two driving methods for PA: the dual-frequency PA and the broadband PA with amplitude modulation. In this study, we share the results of an elaborate and comparative experimental investigation of these two driving methods. Comparisons are made and discussed in terms of the intensity of the generated secondary signal and its characteristics in the frequency domain. Based on these factors, we confirmed that the broadband PA was more suitable as the sound source of the low-frequency characteristic measurement system of acoustic materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T22:35:02Z","timestamp":1627425302000},"page":"5085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Experimental Investigation on Optimal Parametric Array Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Underwater Vehicle Research Center, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8514-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeasoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaehyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vibration & Noise R&D Department, Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Geoje-si 53302, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1121\/1.386753","article-title":"Handbook of sonar transducer passive materials","volume":"70","author":"Capps","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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