{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:31:22Z","timestamp":1762353082323,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2019YFA0706001","No.2016YFB0501105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019YFA0706001","No.2016YFB0501105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single-pixel noise commonly appearing in a star sensor can cause an unexpected error in centroid extraction. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a star image denoising algorithm, named Improved Gaussian Side Window Filtering (IGSWF). Firstly, the IGSWF algorithm uses four special triangular Gaussian subtemplates for edge protection. Secondly, it exploits a reconstruction function based on the characteristic of stars and noise. The proposed IGSWF algorithm was successfully verified through simulations and evaluated in a star sensor. The experimental results indicated that the IGSWF algorithm performed better in preserving the shape of stars and eliminating the single-pixel noise and the centroid estimation error (CEE) value after using the IGSWF algorithm was eight times smaller than the original value, six times smaller than that after traditional window filtering, and three times smaller than that after the side window filtering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T08:47:52Z","timestamp":1628066872000},"page":"5255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Star Sensor Denoising Algorithm Based on Edge Protection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kaili","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}]},{"given":"Enhai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}]},{"given":"Rujin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2002.1008988","article-title":"Accuracy performance of star trackers\u2014A tutorial","volume":"38","author":"Liebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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