{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T21:24:51Z","timestamp":1780953891583,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-11-00280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-11-00280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"5-100 Russian Academic Excellence Project","award":["Lobachevsky University Competitiveness Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lobachevsky University Competitiveness Program"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a memristive interface consisting of two FitzHugh\u2013Nagumo electronic neurons connected via a metal\u2013oxide (Au\/Zr\/ZrO2(Y)\/TiN\/Ti) memristive synaptic device. We create a hardware\u2013software complex based on a commercial data acquisition system, which records a signal generated by a presynaptic electronic neuron and transmits it to a postsynaptic neuron through the memristive device. We demonstrate, numerically and experimentally, complex dynamics, including chaos and different types of neural synchronization. The main advantages of our system over similar devices are its simplicity and real-time performance. A change in the amplitude of the presynaptic neurogenerator leads to the potentiation of the memristive device due to the self-tuning of its parameters. This provides an adaptive modulation of the postsynaptic neuron output. The developed memristive interface, due to its stochastic nature, simulates a real synaptic connection, which is very promising for neuroprosthetic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"5587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Stochastic Memristive Interface for Neural Signal Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Svetlana A.","family":"Gerasimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute and Technology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1222-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey I.","family":"Belov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute and Technology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Korolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute and Technology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davud V.","family":"Guseinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute and Technology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albina V.","family":"Lebedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria N.","family":"Koryazhkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Educational Center \u201cPhysics of Solid State Nanostructures\u201d, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey N.","family":"Mikhaylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute and Technology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor B.","family":"Kazantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology, Innopolis University, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Neurotechnology and Machine Learning, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Pisarchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Educational Center \u201cPhysics of Solid State Nanostructures\u201d, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology, Innopolis University, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750067","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127417500675","article-title":"Coexistence of multiple attractors, metastable chaos and bursting oscillations in a multiscroll memristive chaotic circuit","volume":"27","author":"Alombah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pikovsky, A., Rosenblum, M., and Kurths, J. (2001). Synchronization: A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Sciences, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511755743"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boccaletti, S., Pisarchik, A.N., del Genio, C.I., and Amann, A. (2018). Synchronization: From Coupled Systems to Complex Networks, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781107297111"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2011.01.020","article-title":"Optical fiber synaptic sensor","volume":"49","author":"Pisarchik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17322","DOI":"10.3390\/s131217322","article-title":"Experimental implementation of a biometric laser synaptic sensor","volume":"13","author":"Pisarchik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1134\/S0021364013230136","article-title":"Synchronization with an arbitrary phase shift in a pair of synaptically coupled neural oscillators","volume":"98","author":"Simonov","year":"2014","journal-title":"JETP Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1134\/S1064226915070062","article-title":"Synchronization of optically coupled neural-like oscillators","volume":"60","author":"Gerasimova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Commun. Technol. Electron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horch, K.W., and Kipke, D.R. (2017). Neuroprosthetics Theory and Practice, World Scientific. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1142\/10368"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.110804","article-title":"A neurohybrid memristive system for adaptive stimulation of hippocampus","volume":"146","author":"Gerasimova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2021.03.002","article-title":"Physical principles of brain-computer interfaces and their applications for rehabilitation, robotics and control of human brain states","volume":"918","author":"Hramov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00073","article-title":"Neuromorphic silicon neuron circuits","volume":"5","author":"Indiveri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382001","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/24\/38\/382001","article-title":"Synaptic electronics: Materials, devices and applications","volume":"24","author":"Kuzum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00412","article-title":"A compound memristive synapse model for statistical learning through STDP in spiking neural networks","volume":"8","author":"Bill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015003","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-1984\/aa678b","article-title":"Tolerance of intrinsic device variation in fuzzy restricted Boltzmann machine network based on memristive nano-synapses","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Futur."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035003","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-1984\/aa954a","article-title":"A differential memristive synapse circuit for on-line learning in neuromorphic computing systems","volume":"1","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Futur."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0020-x","article-title":"Tightening grip","volume":"17","author":"Strukov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00358","article-title":"Neurohybrid memristive CMOS-integrated systems for biosensors and neuroprosthetics","volume":"14","author":"Mikhaylov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"093001","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/46\/9\/093001","article-title":"Memristor-based neural networks","volume":"46","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamatzky, A., and Chua, L.O. (2014). Memristor Networks, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02630-5"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b04342","article-title":"Atomristor: Nonvolatile resistance switching in atomic sheets of transition metal Dichalcogenides","volume":"18","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.07.011","article-title":"Experimental study of electrical FitzHugh\u2013Nagumo neurons with modified excitability","volume":"19","author":"Binczak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1134\/S1064226909020089","article-title":"Dynamics of two neuronlike elements with inhibitory feedback","volume":"54","author":"Shchapin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Commun. Technol. Electron."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1134\/S0021364015210031","article-title":"Model of self-oscillations in a neuron generator under the action of an active medium","volume":"102","author":"Adamchik","year":"2015","journal-title":"JETP Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063785017070100","article-title":"Instrumental implementation of a neuronlike generator with spiking and bursting dynamics based on a phase-locked loop","volume":"43","author":"Mishchenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033605","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5003091","article-title":"Asymmetry in electrical coupling between neurons alters multistable firing behavior","volume":"28","author":"Pisarchik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos: Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2692519","article-title":"Memristor crossbar for adaptive synchronization","volume":"64","author":"Gambuzza","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1504\/IJNT.2017.083436","article-title":"Filamentary model of bipolar resistive switching in capacitor-like memristive nanostructures on the basis of yttria-stabilised zirconia","volume":"14","author":"Guseinov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3574031","article-title":"Bifurcation mechanisms of regular and chaotic network signaling in brain astrocytes","volume":"21","author":"Matrosov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chaos: Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2013-02024-9","article-title":"Neuron-like dynamics of a phase-locked loop","volume":"222","author":"Matrosov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Sp\u00e9c. Top."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20139","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4972731","article-title":"On auto-oscillations of a plate in flow","volume":"Volume 1798","author":"Selyutskiy","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2014.05.003","article-title":"Synchronization of map-based neurons with memory and synaptic delay","volume":"378","author":"Pisarchik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2017-70060-2","article-title":"Synchronization in network motifs of delay-coupled map-based neurons","volume":"226","author":"Pisarchik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Sp\u00e9c. Top."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022224","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.022224","article-title":"Chimera state in complex networks of bistable Hodgkin-Huxley neurons","volume":"100","author":"Andreev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.110812","article-title":"Synchronization of interacted spiking neuronal networks with inhibitory coupling","volume":"146","author":"Andreev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.109830","article-title":"Ring of map-based neural oscillators: From order to chaos and back","volume":"136","author":"Bashkirtseva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4905792","article-title":"Resistive switching and synaptic properties of fully atomic layer deposition grown TiN\/HfO2\/TiN devices","volume":"117","author":"Matveyev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Fong, S., Wong, H.-S.P., and Kuzum, D. (2017). Synaptic devices based on phase-change memory. Neuro-Inspired Computing Using Resistive Synaptic Devices, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54313-0_2"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-017-0001-5","article-title":"SiGe epitaxial memory for neuromorphic computing with reproducible high performance based on engineered dislocations","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063784217080102","article-title":"Simulation of synaptic coupling of neuron-like generators via a memristive device","volume":"62","author":"Gerasimova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech. Phys."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00376","article-title":"A memristive spiking neuron with firing rate coding","volume":"9","author":"Ignatov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2018.10.023","article-title":"The dynamics of ensemble of neuron-like elements with excitatory couplings","volume":"71","author":"Korotkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-05529-2","article-title":"Memristor synapse-coupled memristive neuron network: Synchronization transition and occurrence of chimera","volume":"100","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2019-800240-5","article-title":"Chimera in a network of memristor-based Hopfield neural network","volume":"228","author":"Parastesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Sp\u00e9c. Top."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.08.026","article-title":"On the validity of memristor modeling in the neural network literature","volume":"121","author":"Pershin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7297","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr01834b","article-title":"Synaptic behavior and STDP of asymmetric nanoscale memristors in biohybrid systems","volume":"5","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, R., Huang, H.-M., Hong, Q.-H., Yin, X.-B., Tan, Z.-H., Shi, T., Zhou, Y.-X., Miao, X.-S., Wang, X.-P., and Mi, S.-B. (2017). Synaptic suppression triplet-STDP learning rule realized in second-order memristors. Adv. Funct. Mater., 28.","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201704455"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"2","article-title":"STDP and STDP variations with memristors for spiking neuromorphic learning systems","volume":"7","author":"Masquelier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900938","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201900938","article-title":"Spike-timing-dependent and spike-shape-independent plasticities with dopamine-like modulation in nanocomposite memristive synapses","volume":"217","author":"Nikiruy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab9262","article-title":"Associative STDP-like learning of neuromorphic circuits based on polyaniline memristive microdevices","volume":"53","author":"Prudnikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2020.11.005","article-title":"Necessary conditions for STDP-based pattern recognition learning in a memristive spiking neural network","volume":"134","author":"Demin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarmiento-Reyes, A., and Rodriguez-Velasquez, Y. (2018, January 25\u201328). Maze-solving with a memristive grid of charge-controlled memristors. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 9th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.","DOI":"10.1109\/LASCAS.2018.8399973"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"211","article-title":"Dynamics of a charge-controlled memristor in master\u2013slave coupling","volume":"56","author":"Isah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, N. (2020). Memristive computational amplifiers and equation solvers. Modelling, Simulation and Intelligent Computing, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4775-1"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.12.056","article-title":"A multi-layer memristive recurrent neural network for solving static and dynamic image associative memory","volume":"334","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, G., Nakane, R., Yamane, T., Takeda, S., Nakano, D., Nakagawa, S., and Hirose, A. (2017). Waveform classification by memristive reservoir computing. International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70093-9_48"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-020-00795-1","article-title":"Memristive Devices for neuromorphic applications: Comparative analysis","volume":"10","author":"Erokhin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2020.0136","article-title":"Memristor dynamics involved in cells communication for a 2D non-linear network","volume":"14","author":"Isah","year":"2020","journal-title":"IET Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2017.2777181","article-title":"Memristive mixed-signal neuromorphic systems: Energy-efficient learning at the circuit-level","volume":"8","author":"Chakma","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battistoni, S., Cocuzza, M., Marasso, S.L., Verna, A., and Erokhin, V. (2021). The role of the internal capacitance in organic memristive device for neuromorphic and sensing applications. Adv. Electron. Mater., 2100494.","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202100494"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bian, H., Goh, Y.Y., Liu, Y., Ling, H., Xie, L., and Liu, X. (2021). Stimuli-responsive memristive materials for artificial synapses and neuromorphic nomputing. Adv. Mater., 2006469.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202006469"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.111111","article-title":"First principles investigation of physically conductive bridge filament formation of aluminum doped perovskite materials for neuromorphic memristive applications","volume":"150","author":"Alsuwian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"090005","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5034744","article-title":"Design of memristive interface between electronic neurons","volume":"Volume 1959","author":"Gerasimova","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2514\/3.56665","article-title":"Runge-Kutta Algorithm for the numerical integration of stochastic differential equations","volume":"18","author":"Kasdin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Guid. Control. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1109\/5.381848","article-title":"Discrete simulation of colored noise and stochastic processes and 1\/f\u03b1 power law noise generation","volume":"83","author":"Kasdin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144500378302","article-title":"An Algorithmic Introduction to numerical simulation of stochastic differential equations","volume":"43","author":"Higham","year":"2001","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2019.110988","article-title":"Yttria-stabilized zirconia cross-point memristive devices for neuromorphic applications","volume":"215","author":"Emelyanov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2014.06.002","article-title":"Recent progress in resistive random access memories: Materials, switching mechanisms, and performance","volume":"83","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031303","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4929512","article-title":"Resistive switching phenomena: A review of statistical physics approaches","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700849","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700849","article-title":"Memristive stochastic plasticity enables mimicking of neural synchrony: Memristive circuit emulates an optical illusion","volume":"3","author":"Ignatov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"28","article-title":"Simulation of cycle-to-cycle Instabilities in SiOx- based ReRAM devices using a self-correlated process with long-term variation","volume":"40","author":"Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.111131","article-title":"Stochastic model of memristor based on the length of conductive region","volume":"150","author":"Agudov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2021.110699","article-title":"Capacitive effects can make memristors chaotic","volume":"144","author":"Guseinov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80132-4","article-title":"A functional spiking neuronal network for tactile sensing pathway to process edge orientation","volume":"11","author":"Amiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/16\/5587\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:47:13Z","timestamp":1760165233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/16\/5587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s21165587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21165587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]}}}