{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:17:01Z","timestamp":1760235421578,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTERREG V-A MAC 2014-2020","award":["MAC2\/4.6d\/238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAC2\/4.6d\/238"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main features of SG-WAS (SkyGlow Wireless Autonomous Sensor), a low-cost device for measuring Night Sky Brightness (NSB), are presented. SG-WAS is based on the TSL237 sensor \u2013like the Unihedron Sky Quality Meter (SQM) or the STARS4ALL Telescope Encoder and Sky Sensor (TESS)\u2013, with wireless communication (LoRa, WiFi, or LTE-M) and solar-powered rechargeable batteries. Field tests have been performed on its autonomy, proving that it can go up to 20 days without direct solar irradiance and remain hibernating after that for at least 4 months, returning to operation once re-illuminated. A new approach to the acquisition of average NSB measurements and their instrumental uncertainty (of the order of thousandths of a magnitude) is presented. In addition, the results of a new Sky Integrating Sphere (SIS) method have shown the possibility of performing mass device calibration with uncertainties below 0.02 mag\/arcsec2. SG-WAS is the first fully autonomous and wireless low-cost NSB sensor to be used as an independent or networked device in remote locations without any additional infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"5590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["SG-WAS: A New Wireless Autonomous Night Sky Brightness Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel R.","family":"Alarcon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, C\/V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8955-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Puig-Subir\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, C\/V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Sieltec Canarias S.L., C\/H\u00e1bitat No. 2, Portal D, Of. 3, E-38204 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Serra-Ricart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, C\/V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Lemes-Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, C\/V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mallorqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, C\/V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Sieltec Canarias S.L., C\/H\u00e1bitat No. 2, Portal D, Of. 3, E-38204 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sieltec Canarias S.L., C\/H\u00e1bitat No. 2, Portal D, Of. 3, E-38204 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agraria, Na\u00fatica, Civil y Mar\u00edtima, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38200 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.09.007","article-title":"Light pollution as a biodiversity threat","volume":"25","author":"Wolter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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