{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:17:27Z","timestamp":1781281047839,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2016-80491-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2016-80491-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010751","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico, Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1191680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1191680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018735","name":"Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigaci\u00f3n en \u00c1reas Prioritarias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15110019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15110019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a novel dc-dc bidirectional buck\u2013boost converter between a battery pack and the inverter to regulate the dc-bus in an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain. The converter is based on the versatile buck\u2013boost converter, which has shown an excellent performance in different fuel cell systems operating in low-voltage and hard-switching applications. Therefore, extending this converter to higher voltage applications such as the EV is a challenging task reported in this work. A high-efficiency step-up\/step-down versatile converter can improve the EV powertrain efficiency for an extended range of electric motor (EM) speeds, comprising urban and highway driving cycles while allowing the operation under motoring and regeneration (regenerative brake) conditions. DC-bus voltage regulation is implemented using a digital two-loop control strategy. The inner feedback loop is based on the discrete-time sliding-mode current control (DSMCC) strategy, and for the outer feedback loop, a proportional-integral (PI) control is employed. Both digital control loops and the necessary transition mode strategy are implemented using a digital signal controller TMS320F28377S. The theoretical analysis has been validated on a 400 V 1.6 kW prototype and tested through simulation and an EV powertrain system testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21175712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T04:24:27Z","timestamp":1629865467000},"page":"5712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Bidirectional Versatile Buck\u2013Boost Converter Driver for Electric Vehicle Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7500971, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanics and Energy Conversion, Universidad de Talca, Curic\u00f3 3340000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1690-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Kouro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Engineering Department, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Vidal-Idiarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Electr\u00f2nica, El\u00e8ctrica i Autom\u00e0tica, Escola T\u00e8cnica Superior d\u2019Enginyeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Calvente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Electr\u00f2nica, El\u00e8ctrica i Autom\u00e0tica, Escola T\u00e8cnica Superior d\u2019Enginyeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.04.130","article-title":"A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects","volume":"49","author":"Yong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. 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