{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T07:26:41Z","timestamp":1774164401199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019004","name":"Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210027 and 20210047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210027 and 20210047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 global pandemic has wreaked havoc on every aspect of our lives. More specifically, healthcare systems were greatly stretched to their limits and beyond. Advances in artificial intelligence have enabled the implementation of sophisticated applications that can meet clinical accuracy requirements. In this study, customized and pre-trained deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks were used to detect pneumonia caused by COVID-19 respiratory complications. Chest X-ray images from 368 confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected locally. In addition, data from three publicly available datasets were used. The performance was evaluated in four ways. First, the public dataset was used for training and testing. Second, data from the local and public sources were combined and used to train and test the models. Third, the public dataset was used to train the model and the local data were used for testing only. This approach adds greater credibility to the detection models and tests their ability to generalize to new data without overfitting the model to specific samples. Fourth, the combined data were used for training and the local dataset was used for testing. The results show a high detection accuracy of 98.7% with the combined dataset, and most models handled new data with an insignificant drop in accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21175940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:18:26Z","timestamp":1630934306000},"page":"5940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-1602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natheer","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-5275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fraiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7144-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luay","family":"Fraiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basheer","family":"Khassawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ibnian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"CDC (2021, May 25). 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