{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:48:40Z","timestamp":1774320520958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["No. XDA23040100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDA23040100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.41761134092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.41761134092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Leading Talent Project","award":["No. E056061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. E056061"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Distinguished Professor Project","award":["No. R2018T20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. R2018T20"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Intro-duking Talent of NUIST","award":["No.2243141801036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2243141801036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The significant wave height (SWH) of oceans is the main parameter in describing the sea state, which has been widely used in the establishment of ocean process models and the field of navigation and transportation. However, traditional methods such as satellite radar altimeters and buoys cannot achieve SWH estimations with high spatial and temporal resolution. Recently, the spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) has provided an opportunity to estimate SWH with a rapid global coverage and high temporal resolution observations, particularly with the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission. In this paper, SWH was estimated using the polynomial function relationship between SWH from ERA5 and Delay-Doppler Map Average (DDMA) as well as Leading Edge Slope (LES) from CYGNSS data. Then, the SWH estimated from CYGNSS data was validated by ERA-Interim data, AVISO data, and buoy data. The results showed that the average correlation coefficient of CYGNSS SWH was 0.945, and the average RMSE was 0.257 m when compared to the ERA-Interim SWH data. The RMSE was 0.423 m and the correlation coefficient was 0.849 when compared with the AVISO SWH. The correlation coefficient with the buoy data was 0.907, and the RMSE was 0.247 m. This method can provide suitable SWH estimation data for ocean dynamics research and ocean environment prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T21:48:01Z","timestamp":1631483281000},"page":"6123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Significant Wave Height Estimation from Joint CYGNSS DDMA and LES Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanggen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5864-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingda","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holthuijsen, L.H. 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