{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:56:21Z","timestamp":1762642581507,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313239\/2017-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313239\/2017-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article proposes a methodology for monitoring the structural stability of each tower of an electric power transmission line through sensor measurements which estimates the different situations that may indicate the need for intervention to prevent the structure collapsing. The extended Kalman filter was adopted to predict the failures, considering sensor fusion techniques such as the displacements of the upper central position of the tower above certain limits. The load of the stay cables is calculated from the natural frequencies, which are determined by the accelerometers connected to the cables. The average value of these forces, which must be higher than a normal limit, were calculated to predict a failure. All guyed towers of a power transmission line thousands of kilometers long will be individually monitored considering the methodology described in this study, which makes this article one of the first relevant research studies in this area. Typically, guyed towers must often be manually inspected to ensure that the stay cables have acceptable pretension to prevent a lack of stability in the transmission line towers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T03:46:14Z","timestamp":1631591174000},"page":"6144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Multivariable Modeling Methods for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7689-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Schalch","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7324-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janito Vaqueiro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Siqueira","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eur\u00edpedes Guilherme","family":"de Oliveira N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4268-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Rodrigues","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exploratory Hardware Design Department, Instituto de Pesquisas Eldorado, Campinas 13083-898, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Medeiros","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissora Alian\u00e7a de Energia El\u00e9trica S.A., Rio de Janeiro 20010-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1139\/L09-160","article-title":"Dynamic response of transmission lines guyed towers under wind loading","volume":"37","author":"Gani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Raslan, A.H., and El-Nasan, S.M. (2014). Monitoring System for Guyed Towers, American University in Dubai, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Wu, J., Han, J., Ye, F., Qi, W., Yu, J., Wei, P., and Xing, H. (2021, January 26\u201328). Structural Optimization and Experimental Research of High-rise Guyed Tower. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Science, AEECS, Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"746","article-title":"Research on Static Stability of \u00b1800 kV Suspension Cable Guyed Tower","volume":"38","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Northeast. Univ. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., and Fu, H. (2018, January 27\u201328). Study of the Distribution of Initial Stress for Mechanical Properties of Guyed Transmission Tower. 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(In Portuguese)."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Belgo Bekaert Arames, A. (2021, August 20). Manual T\u00e9cnico de Cabos. (In Portuguese)."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Doughty, S. (1998). Mechanics of Machines, John Wiley and Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kim, P. (2011). Kalman Filter for Beginners: With MATLAB Examples, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Julier, S.J., Uhlmann, J.K., and Durrant-Whyte, H.F. (1995, January 21\u201323). A New Approach for Filtering Nonlinear Systems. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Seattle, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.1987.4308195","article-title":"Dynamics of a Guyed Transmission Tower System","volume":"2","author":"Mathur","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/18\/6144\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:01:57Z","timestamp":1760166117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/18\/6144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s21186144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21186144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]}}}