{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:12:53Z","timestamp":1785211973219,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of 5G-IoT has become indispensable in smart applications and it plays a crucial part in e-health applications. E-health applications require intelligent schemes and architectures to overcome the security threats against the sensitive data of patients. The information in e-healthcare applications is stored in the cloud which is vulnerable to security attacks. However, with deep learning techniques, these attacks can be detected, which needs hybrid models. In this article, a new deep learning model (CNN-DMA) is proposed to detect malware attacks based on a classifier\u2014Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The model uses three layers, i.e., Dense, Dropout, and Flatten. Batch sizes of 64, 20 epoch, and 25 classes are used to train the network. An input image of 32 \u00d7 32 \u00d7 1 is used for the initial convolutional layer. Results are retrieved on the Malimg dataset where 25 families of malware are fed as input and our model has detected is Alueron.gen!J malware. The proposed model CNN-DMA is 99% accurate and it is validated with state-of-the-art techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"6346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["An Efficient CNN-Based Deep Learning Model to Detect Malware Attacks (CNN-DMA) in 5G-IoT Healthcare Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology,  Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8474-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalli","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology,  Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4915-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani Moaiteq","family":"Aljahdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 37848, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5077-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dermot","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adebusola, J.A., Ariyo, A.A., Elisha, O.A., Olubunmi, A.M., and Julius, O.O. (2020, January 18). An Overview of 5G Technology. Proceedings of the ternational Conference in Mathematics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science (ICMCECS), Akaslompolo, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCECS47690.2020.240853"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000064","article-title":"Deep Learning Based Pathology Detection for Smart Connected Healthcares","volume":"34","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latif, S., Qadir, J., Farooq, S., and Imran, M.A. (2017). How 5g wireless (and concomitant technologies) will revolutionize healthcare?. Future Internet, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9040093"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200204000-00005","article-title":"Transcontinental robot-assisted remote telesurgery: Feasibility and potential applications","volume":"235","author":"Marescaux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.145","article-title":"Next generation technologies for smart healthcare: Challenges, vision, model, trends and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Tuli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maintaining security and privacy in health care system using learning based deep-Q-networks","volume":"42","author":"Shakeel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy, O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2325029","article-title":"Big data deep learning: Challenges and perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanwar, S. (2020). Fog Computing for Healthcare 4.0 Environments, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46197-3"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2779844","article-title":"A survey on 5G networks for the Internet of Things: Communication technologies and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Akpakwu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2721379","article-title":"A survey of enabling technologies of low power and long range machine-to-machine communications","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72469","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2881246","article-title":"Blockchain-based mobile edge computing framework for secure therapy applications","volume":"6","author":"Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7368826","article-title":"Software defined healthcare networks","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, B., Singh, S.P., and Mohan, A. Emerging mobile communication technologies for health. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCT.2010.5640393"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.07.026","article-title":"eHealth: Surveyon research projects, comparative study of telemonitoring architecturesand main issues","volume":"46","author":"Hamdi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.003","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for healthcare: A survey","volume":"54","author":"Alemdar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Networks"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701178","article-title":"Ultra-reliable low latency cellular networks: Use cases, challenges and approaches","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2015.2441720","article-title":"Internet of vehicles for e-health applications: A potential game for optimal network capacity","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soldani, D., Fadini, F., Rasanen, H., Duran, J., Niemela, T., Chan-dramouli, D., and Nanavaty, N. (2017, January 4\u20137). 5G Mobile Systems for Health-care. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108602"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2016.52","article-title":"M-health solutions using 5G networks and M2M communications","volume":"18","author":"Gondim","year":"2016","journal-title":"IT Professional."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900063","article-title":"Tactile-internet-based telesurgery system for healthcare 4.0: An architecture, research challenges, and future directions","volume":"33","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Scarfone, K., and Souppaya, M. (2016, March 26). Guidelines for Managing the Se-curity of Mobile Devices in the Enterprise, Available online: http:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/SpecialPublications\/NIST.SP.800\u2013124r1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mapp, G., Aiash, M., Ondiege, B., and Clarke, M. (2014, January 7\u201311). Exploring a New SecurityFramework for Cloud Storage Using Capabilities. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 8th International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering, Oxford, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/SOSE.2014.69"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vithanwattana, N., Mapp, G., and George, C. (2016, January 14\u201316). mHealth-Investigating an information security framework for mHealth data: Challenges and possible solutions. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/IE.2016.59"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karmakar, K.K., Varadharajan, V., Tupakula, U., Nepal, S., and Thapa, C. (July, January 29). Towards a Security Enhanced Virtualised Network Infrastructure for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Proceedings of the 2020 6th IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), Ghent, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1109\/NetSoft48620.2020.9165387"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2772959","article-title":"Emotion-aware connected healthcare big data towards 5G","volume":"5","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"118","article-title":"Cloud-supported cyber\u2013physical localization framework for patients monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Hossain","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, S., and Misra, S. (2015, January 20\u201322). Designing of a prototype of e-health monitoring system. Proceedings of the 2015 In international Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, Kolkata, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRCICN.2015.7434248"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Brito, J.M. (2016, January 13\u201315). Trends in wireless communications towards 5G networks\u2014The influence of e-health and IoT applications. Proceedings of the 2016 International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech), Split, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2018.2879591","article-title":"Edge caching and computing in 5G for mobile AR\/VR and tactile internet","volume":"26","author":"Sukhmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Multimed."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1590-x","article-title":"U-biofeedback: A multimedia-based reference model for ubiquitous biofeedback systems","volume":"72","author":"Eid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02329-w","article-title":"5G in healthcare: How fast will be the transformation?","volume":"190","author":"Dananjayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4850","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2779146","article-title":"Security for 5G mobile wireless networks","volume":"6","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2018.12.001","article-title":"Security and privacy issues in e-health cloud-based system: A comprehensive content analysis","volume":"20","author":"Azeez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt Inform. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.07.006","article-title":"Privacy preserving mechanisms for enforcing security and privacy requirements in E-health solutions","volume":"36","author":"Pussewalage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garda\u0161evi\u0107, G., Katzis, K., Baji\u0107, D., and Berbakov, L. (2020). Emerging Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Technologies\u2014Foundations of Smart Healthcare. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133619"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2558521","article-title":"A survey on wireless security: Technical challenges, recent advances, and future trends","volume":"104","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2825289","article-title":"Security and privacy in smart health: Efficient policy-hiding attribute-based access control","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2016.11.001","article-title":"Survey of main challenges (security and privacy) in wireless body area networks for healthcare applications","volume":"18","author":"Shojafar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt Informatics J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701310","article-title":"From IoT to 5G I-IoT: The next generation IoT-based intelligent algorithms and 5G technologies","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puppala, M., He, T., Yu, X., Chen, S., Ogunti, R., and Wong, S.T. (2016, January 24\u201327). Data security and privacy management in healthcare applications and clinical data warehouse environment. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI).","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2016.7455821"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimi, H., Zibaeenejad, A., and Safavi, A.A. (2018, January 1\u20133). A novel IoT architecture based on 5G-IoT and next generation technologies. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON.2018.8614777"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"e4049","article-title":"A survey on security threats and countermeasures in internet of medical things (IoMT)","volume":"23","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikder, A.K., Babun, L., Aksu, H., and Uluagac, A.S. (2019, January 9\u201313). Aegis: A context-aware security framework for smart home systems. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, San Juan, PR, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359789.3359840"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Park, Y., Son, Y., Shin, H., Kim, D., and Kim, Y. (2016, January 8\u20139). This ain\u2019t your dose: Sensor spoofing attack on medical infusion pump. Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 16), Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Liu, J., and Kwak, K.S. (2010, January 16\u201318). Hybrid security mechanisms for wireless body area networks. Proceedings of the 2010 Second international Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), Jeju, Korea."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2016, October 10). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Animas Onetouch Pinginsulinpump. Available online: https:\/\/blog.rapid7.com\/2016\/10\/04\/r7\u20132016\u201307-multiplevulnerabilities-in-animas-onetouch-ping-insulin-pump\/."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2010.1355.1366","article-title":"A novel intrusion detection system for wireless body area network in health care monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Sundararajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101879","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2930962","article-title":"A survey and classification of security and privacy research in smart healthcare systems","volume":"7","author":"Algarni","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thamilarasu, G., and Chawla, S. (2019). Towards deep-learning-driven intrusion detection for the internet of things. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19091977"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otoum, Y., Liu, D., and Nayak, A. (2019). DL-IDS: A deep learning-based intrusion detection framework for securing IoT. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol., e3803.","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3803"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Patterson, J., and Gibson, A. (2017). Deep Learning: A Practitioner\u2019s Approach, O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16961","article-title":"Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search","volume":"529","author":"Silver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1021\/ci500747n","article-title":"Deep neural nets as a method for quantitative structure\u2013activity relationships","volume":"55","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Storcheus, D., Rostamizadeh, A., and Kumar, S. (2015, January 11). A survey of modern questions and challenges in feature extraction. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Feature Extraction: Modern Questions and Challenges at NIPS 2015, Virtual."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700202","article-title":"Learning IoT in edge: Deep learning for the Internet of Things with edge computing","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, X.C., Liu, Z.G., Ndibanje, B., Nkenyereye, L., and Riazul Islam, S.M. (2019). An IoT-based anonymous function for security and privacy in healthcare sensor networks. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143146"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newaz, A.K., Sikder, A.K., Rahman, M.A., and Uluagac, A.S. (2020). A survey on security and privacy issues in modern healthcare systems: Attacks and defenses. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1145\/3453176"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2437951","article-title":"The internet of things for health care: A comprehensive survey","volume":"3","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lane, N.D., Bhattacharya, S., Georgiev, P., Forlivesi, C., and Kawsar, F. (2015, January 1). An early resource characterization of deep learning on wearables, smartphones and internet-of-things devices. Proceedings of the 2015 International Workshop on Internet of Things Towards Applications, Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/2820975.2820980"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, R., Gadre, A., Zhang, S., Kumar, S., and Moura, J.M. (2018, January 20\u201324). A deep learning approach to IoT authentication. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kansas City, MO, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422832"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.03.007","article-title":"A deep recurrent neural network based approach for internet of things malware threat hunting","volume":"85","author":"HaddadPajouh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6273","DOI":"10.3390\/s90806273","article-title":"Design and implementation of a securewireless mote-based medical sensor network","volume":"9","author":"Malasri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205071","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037474","article-title":"Secure and provenance enhanced internet of health things framework: A blockchain managed federated learning approach","volume":"8","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900105","article-title":"Intrusion detection based on stacked autoencoder for connected healthcare systems","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.10.006","article-title":"A survey on deep learning forbig data","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newaz, A.I., Sikder, A.K., Babun, L., and Uluagac, A.S. (July, January 29). Heka: A novel intrusion detection system for attacks to personal medical devices. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), Avignon, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS48642.2020.9162311"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibzadeh, H., and Soyata, T. (2020). Toward uniform smart healthcare ecosystems: A survey on prospects, security and privacy considerations. Connected Health in Smart Cities, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27844-1_5"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, L., Abdel-Hamid, O., and Yu, D. (2013, January 26\u201331). A deep convolutional neural network using heterogeneous pooling for trading acoustic invariance with phonetic confusion. Proceedings of the international Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638952"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kancherla, K.S., and Mukkamala, S. (2013, January 16\u201319). Image visualization based malware detection. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Cyber Security (CICS), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICYBS.2013.6597204"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/19\/6346\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:03:38Z","timestamp":1760166218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/19\/6346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s21196346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21196346","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]}}}