{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1780365504885,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010248","name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGG21F020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG21F020003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010248","name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGG19F030012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG19F030012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traffic speed prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems, and many approaches have been proposed over recent decades. In recent years, methods using graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been more promising, which can extract the spatiality of traffic networks and achieve a better prediction performance than others. However, these methods only use inaccurate historical data of traffic speed to forecast, which decreases the prediction accuracy to a certain degree. Moreover, they ignore the influence of dynamic traffic on spatial relationships and merely consider the static spatial dependency. In this paper, we present a novel graph convolutional network model called FSTGCN to solve these problems, where the model adopts the full convolutional structure and avoids repeated iterations. Specifically, because traffic flow has a mapping relationship with traffic speed and its values are more exact, we fused historical traffic flow data into the forecasting model in order to reduce the prediction error. Meanwhile, we analyzed the covariance relationship of the traffic flow between road segments and designed the dynamic adjacency matrix, which can capture the dynamic spatial correlation of the traffic network. Lastly, we conducted experiments on two real-world datasets and prove that our model can outperform state-of-the-art traffic speed prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"6402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Graph Convolutional Network: Traffic Speed Prediction Fused with Traffic Flow Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duanyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.01.005","article-title":"Short-term traffic forecasting: Where we are and where we\u2019re going","volume":"43","author":"Vlahogianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. 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