{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:45:03Z","timestamp":1762299903166,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0484\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0484\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-17-0631 CONSENS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-17-0631 CONSENS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the technology of optical fibers has rapidly gained ground in many areas of science and industry, including the construction industry. In this article, the technology of optical fibers based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was used to determine tensile forces acting in a basal reinforcement of a scaled down physical model, which included piled embankment and basal reinforcement. Installing FBG sensors on the geogrid made monitoring of axial strains possible, thus allowing determination of the behavior of the basal reinforcement of the piled embankment. On the basis of three tests performed on the physical model, numerical model calibration with the physical model was carried out using the software PLAXIS 3D Tunnel 2.4. The results showed accurate predictions, especially for the low and middle part of the measured deformations where the numerical analysis proposed a solution that can be considered as safe. Installing FBG sensors on biaxial geogrids was a bold idea that was not easy to implement. However, other possibilities have been successfully tested, such as high-frequency measurements of the response of reinforced soil structure under dynamic loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"6404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Measurement of Axial Strain of Geogrid by Optical Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3372-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Drusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitna 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Kais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tubau a. s. K Cintor\u00ednu 561\/45, B\u00e1nov\u00e1, 010 04 \u017dilina-Z\u00e1vodie, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Dubovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia and Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitna 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia and Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitna 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frantisek","family":"Bahleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction Materials and Bridges, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitna 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mecar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of \u017dilina, Univerzitna 8215\/1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Importance of Results Obtained from Geotechnical Monitoring for Evaluation of Reinforced Soil Structure\u2014Case Study","volume":"6","author":"Drusa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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