{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:27:57Z","timestamp":1775852877807,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-0-00056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0-00056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the design and implementation results of an efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor for frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signal processing. The proposed FFT processor is designed with a memory-based FFT architecture and supports variable lengths from 64 to 4096. Moreover, it is designed with a floating-point operator to prevent the performance degradation of fixed-point operators. FMCW radar signal processing requires windowing operations to increase the target detection rate by reducing clutter side lobes, magnitude calculation operations based on the FFT results to detect the target, and accumulation operations to improve the detection performance of the target. In addition, in some applications such as the measurement of vital signs, the phase of the FFT result has to be calculated. In general, only the FFT is implemented in the hardware, and the other FMCW radar signal processing is performed in the software. The proposed FFT processor implements not only the FFT, but also windowing, accumulation, and magnitude\/phase calculations in the hardware. Therefore, compared with a processor implementing only the FFT, the proposed FFT processor uses 1.69 times the hardware resources but achieves an execution time 7.32 times shorter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:16:38Z","timestamp":1632780998000},"page":"6443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["FPGA Implementation of an Efficient FFT Processor for FMCW Radar Signal Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-1131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmoo","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"},{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061501","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0044673","article-title":"Embedded heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning control systems: From traditional technologies toward radar advanced sensing","volume":"92","author":"Cardillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. 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