{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:50:50Z","timestamp":1763664650360,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In general, a partially reflective surface (PRS) is mainly used to increase the gain of an antenna; some metallic objects placed on the PRS degrades the antenna performance because the objects change the periodic structure of the PRS. Herein, we propose a multifunctional PRS for smart block application. When a passenger passes over a smart block, the fare can be simultaneously collected and presented through the LED display. This requires high gain antenna with LED structure. The high gain characteristic helps the antenna identify passengers only when they pass over the block. The multifunctional PRS has a structure in which an LED can be placed in the horizontal direction while increasing the antenna gain. We used the antenna\u2019s polarization characteristics to prevent performance deterioration when LED lines are placed in the PRS. We built the proposed antenna and measured its performance: At 2.41 GHz, the efficiency was 81.4%, and the antenna gain was 18.3 dBi. Furthermore, the half-power beamwidth was 18\u00b0, confirming a directional radiation pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"6508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multifunctional Partially Reflective Surface for Smart Blocks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2193-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dong-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Train Control and Communications Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Tae-Ki","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Transportation Innovative Research Center, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jong-Gyu","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Train Control and Communications Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8610-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hyung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5370\/KIEEP.2019.68.1.017","article-title":"Design of Supporting System to Improve the Mobility Handicapped Satisfaction in Railway Station","volume":"68","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. 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