{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T11:37:57Z","timestamp":1782128277083,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thin-film magneto-impedance (MI) biosensors have attracted significant attention due to their high sensitivity and easy miniaturization. However, further improvement is required to detect weak biomagnetic signals. Here, we report a meander thin-film biosensor preparation to investigate the fabrication parameters influencing the MI effect. Specifically, we hypothesized that an optimal film thickness and sensing area size ratio could be achieved to obtain a maximum MI ratio. A meander multilayer MI biosensor based on a NiFe\/Cu\/NiFe thin-film was designed and fabricated into 3-, 6-, and 9-turn models with film thicknesses of 3 \u00b5m and 6 \u00b5m. The 9-turn biosensor resembled the largest sensing area, while the 3- and 6-turn biosensors were designed with identical sensing areas. The results indicated that the NiFe film thickness of 6 \u00b5m with a sensing area size of 14.4 mm2 resembling a 9-turn MI biosensor is the optimal ratio yielding the maximum MI ratio of 238%, which is 70% larger than the 3- and 6-turn structures. The 3- and 6-turn MI biosensors exhibited similar characteristics where the MI ratio peaked at a similar value. Our results suggest that the MI ratio can be increased by increasing the sensing area size and film thickness rather than the number of turns. We showed that an optimal film thickness to sensing area size ratio is required to obtain a high MI ratio. Our findings will be useful for designing highly sensitive MI biosensors capable of detecting low biomagnetic signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"6514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Meander Thin-Film Biosensor Fabrication to Investigate the Influence of Structural Parameters on the Magneto-Impedance Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7729-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abkar","family":"Sayad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1295-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah Mukim","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Skafidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(98)00037-2","article-title":"A biosensor based on magnetoresistance technology1This paper was awarded the Biosensors & Bioelectronics Award for the most original contribution to the Congress.1","volume":"13","author":"Baselt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biosens. 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