{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:35:09Z","timestamp":1771065309948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The co-existence of fifth-generation (5G) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become inevitable in many applications since 5G networks have created steadier connections and operate more reliably, which is extremely important for IoT communication. During transmission, IoT devices (IoTDs) communicate with IoT Gateway (IoTG), whereas in 5G networks, cellular users equipment (CUE) may communicate with any destination (D) whether it is a base station (BS) or other CUE, which is known as device-to-device (D2D) communication. One of the challenges that face 5G and IoT is interference. Interference may exist at BSs, CUE receivers, and IoTGs due to the sharing of the same spectrum. This paper proposes an interference avoidance distributed deep learning model for IoT and device to any destination communication by learning from data generated by the Lagrange optimization technique to predict the optimum IoTD-D, CUE-IoTG, BS-IoTD and IoTG-CUE distances for uplink and downlink data communication, thus achieving higher overall system throughput and energy efficiency. The proposed model was compared to state-of-the-art regression benchmarks, which provided a huge improvement in terms of mean absolute error and root mean squared error. Both analytical and deep learning models reached the optimal throughput and energy efficiency while suppressing interference to any destination and IoTG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"6555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Novel Interference Avoidance Based on a Distributed Deep Learning Model for 5G-Enabled IoT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3663-0103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radwa Ahmed","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Applied Science Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Alexandria 1029, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherine Nagy","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Alexandria 1029, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmine N. M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, College of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST), Alexandria 1029, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16393","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2742020","article-title":"A Lightweight XMPP Publish\/Subscribe Scheme for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.2018.1700063","article-title":"Overview of 5G Security Challenges and Solutions","volume":"2","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Stand. 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