{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:37:13Z","timestamp":1773664633732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-12-00457P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-12-00457P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2021-581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-injection locking to an external fiber cavity is an efficient technique enabling drastic linewidth narrowing of semiconductor lasers. Recently, we constructed a simple dual-frequency laser source that employs self-injection locking of a DFB laser in the external ring fiber cavity and Brillouin lasing in the same cavity. The laser performance characteristics are on the level of the laser modules commonly used with BOTDA. The use of a laser source operating two frequencies strongly locked through the Brillouin resonance simplifies the BOTDA system, avoiding the use of a broadband electrooptical modulator (EOM) and high-frequency electronics. Here, in a direct comparison with the commercial BOTDA, we explore the capacity of our low-cost solution for BOTDA sensing, demonstrating distributed measurements of the Brillouin frequency shift in a 10 km sensing fiber with a 1.5 m spatial resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T23:25:15Z","timestamp":1634513115000},"page":"6859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Application of Dual-Frequency Self-Injection Locked DFB Laser for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Lopez-Mercado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research and Advanced Studies Center of Ensenada (CICESE), 22860 Ensenada, BC, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry A.","family":"Korobko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, 432970 Ulyanovsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor O.","family":"Zolotovskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, 432970 Ulyanovsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei A.","family":"Fotiadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, 432970 Ulyanovsk, Russia"},{"name":"Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the RAS, 26 Polytekhnicheskaya Street, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-5200(02)00527-8","article-title":"Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahsani, V., Ahmed, F., Jun, M.B., and Bradley, C. (2019). Tapered fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for ultra-high sensitivity measurement of refractive index. 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