{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:07:35Z","timestamp":1771236455178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000287","name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PoC1920\\2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PoC1920\\2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000287","name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1415\\6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1415\\6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S012877\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S012877\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHL\/R1\/180350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHL\/R1\/180350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) was numerically modeled based on the non-ideal optical components with their noises and imperfections. This model is used to compare the response of DAS systems to standard single-mode fibers and ultra-low loss-enhanced backscattering (ULEB) fibers, a fiber with an array of high reflective points equally spaced along its length. It is shown that using ULEB fibers with highly reflective points improves the signal-to-noise ratio and linearity of the measurement, compared with the measurement based on standard single-mode fibers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T23:25:15Z","timestamp":1634513115000},"page":"6869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Numerical Modelling of a Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on Ultra-Low Loss-Enhanced Backscattering Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4428-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieke Dorine","family":"van Putten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0001-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Masoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4636-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Snook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.106769","article-title":"An analysis of railway track behaviour based on distributed optical fibre acoustic sensing","volume":"142","author":"Milne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. 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