{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:56:16Z","timestamp":1784116576769,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f2 CELLEX Barcelona","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Mir-Puig","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"Ajuntament de Barcelona","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHOTOMETABO, PID2019-106481RB-C31\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHOTOMETABO, PID2019-106481RB-C31\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R\\&amp;D","award":["CEX2019-000910-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2019-000910-S"]}]},{"name":"Obra social ``la Caixa'' Foundation","award":["LlumMedBcn"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LlumMedBcn"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CERCA, AGAUR-2017-SGR-1380, RIS3CAT-001-P-001682 CECH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERCA, AGAUR-2017-SGR-1380, RIS3CAT-001-P-001682 CECH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER EC","award":["x"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["x"]}]},{"name":"European Commission Horizon 2020","award":["LUCA no. 688303,   VASCOVID no. 101016087, TinyBrains no. 101017113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUCA no. 688303,   VASCOVID no. 101016087, TinyBrains no. 101017113"]}]},{"name":"LASERLAB-EUROPE V","award":["EC H2020 no. 871124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC H2020 no. 871124"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the wide range of clinical and research applications, the reliability of the absolute oxygenation measurements of continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy sensors is often questioned, partially due to issues of standardization. In this study, we have compared the performances of 13 units of a continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy device (PortaMon, Artinis Medical Systems, NL) to test their suitability for being used in the HEMOCOVID-19 clinical trial in 10 medical centers around the world. Detailed phantom and in vivo tests were employed to measure the precision and reproducibility of measurements of local blood oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration under different conditions: for different devices used, different operators, for probe repositioning over the same location, and over time (hours\/days\/months). We have detected systematic differences between devices when measuring phantoms (inter-device variability, &lt;4%), which were larger than the intra-device variability (&lt;1%). This intrinsic variability is in addition to the variability during in vivo measurements on the forearm muscle resulting from errors in probe positioning and intrinsic physiological noise (&lt;9%), which was also larger than the inter-device differences (&lt;3%) during the same test. Lastly, we have tested the reproducibility of the protocol of the HEMOCOVID-19 clinical trial; that is, forearm muscle oxygenation monitoring during vascular occlusion tests over days. Overall, our conclusion is that these devices can be used in multi-center trials but care must be taken to characterize, follow-up, and statistically account for inter-device variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21216957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1634765486000},"page":"6957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Performance Assessment of a Commercial Continuous-Wave Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Tissue Oximeter for Suitability for Use in an International, Multi-Center Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9258-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cortese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zanoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Karadeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pagliazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Atif","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management and Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Mesquida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c0rea de Cr\u00edtics, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgut","family":"Durduran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICFO-Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies Fot\u00f2niques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-031","article-title":"Principles, techniques, and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"29","author":"Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. 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