{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:51:47Z","timestamp":1770292307910,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SYNERGY PID2020-118310RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYNERGY PID2020-118310RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["scholarship PRE2018-085654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["scholarship PRE2018-085654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROMETEO 2017\/103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEO 2017\/103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Excellency Award and IDIFEDER\/2020\/032 and IDIFEDER\/2021\/050 GVA Infraestruc-tura"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Excellency Award and IDIFEDER\/2020\/032 and IDIFEDER\/2021\/050 GVA Infraestruc-tura"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004233","name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["scholarship PAID-01-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["scholarship PAID-01-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Composites have added new dimensions to the design and construction of buildings and structures. One of the wider spread composite applications in the construction industry is composite beams or pillars, which can be manufactured through pultrusion processes. These types of construction elements are usually used to withstand the weight of large loads, so their integrity must be guaranteed. Due to optical sensors\u2019 advantages over their electrical counterparts\u2014small sizes, low weight, non-conductive, and immunity to electromagnetic interference\u2014and FBGs having an outstanding position among optical fibre sensors\u2014due to their multiplexation capability and relatively easy monitoring\u2014in this study, we propose the integration of FBG sensors for the observation and analysis of the integrity of structures made with composite beams over time. The validation test results showed the successful embedding integration of FBG-based fibre optical sensors in an FRP pultrusion beam and strain transmission up to 7500 \u00b5\u025b from the composite test piece to the sensor. Additionally, we were able to anticipate the piece failure by the FBG spectrum deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:07:11Z","timestamp":1635113231000},"page":"7019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pultruded FRP Beams with Embedded Fibre Bragg Grating Optical Sensors for Strain Measurement and Failure Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Maldonado-Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Labs, ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Madrigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Labs, ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Penades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Labs, ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Department, AIMPLAS Research Center, Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Department, AIMPLAS Research Center, Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9457-976X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Labs, ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Johnson, T. 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