{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T19:08:07Z","timestamp":1775675287247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we examine routing protocols with the shortest path in sensor networks. In doing this, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA)-based Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocol (GA-AOMDV). We utilize a fitness function that optimizes routes based on the energy consumption in their nodes. We compare this algorithm with other existing ad hoc routing protocols including LEACH-GA, GA-AODV, AODV, DSR, EPAR, EBAR_BFS. Results prove that our protocol enhances the network performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, round trip time and energy consumption. GA-AOMDV protocol achieves average gain that is 7 to 22% over other protocols. Therefore, our protocol extends the network lifetime for data communications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:42:05Z","timestamp":1635198125000},"page":"7060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Sensor Networks Using Genetic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jatinkumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosam","family":"El-Ocla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-06202-7","article-title":"Optimizing Transmission Power and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in MANETs","volume":"106","author":"Femila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wirel. 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