{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T01:59:57Z","timestamp":1770602397531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past few decades, biosensors have been gradually developed for the rapid detection and monitoring of human diseases. Recently, functional nucleic-acid (FNA) biosensors have attracted the attention of scholars due to a series of advantages such as high stability and strong specificity, as well as the significant progress they have made in terms of biomedical applications. However, there are few reports that systematically and comprehensively summarize its working principles, classification and application. In this review, we primarily introduce functional modes of biosensors that combine functional nucleic acids with different signal output modes. In addition, the mechanisms of action of several media of the FNA biosensor are introduced. Finally, the practical application and existing problems of FNA sensors are discussed, and the future development directions and application prospects of functional nucleic acid sensors are prospected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:54:33Z","timestamp":1635292473000},"page":"7109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Recent Advances on Functional Nucleic-Acid Biosensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Boxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-0216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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