{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:44:24Z","timestamp":1771001064154,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic micro- and nanoparticles (MPs)-based composite materials are widely used in various applications in electronics, biotechnology, and medicine. This group of silicone composites have advantageous magnetic and mechanical properties as well as sufficient flexibility and biocompatibility. These composites can be applied in medicine for biological sensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and as remote-controlled microrobots operating in vivo. In this work, the properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based composites with different percentages (30 wt.%, 50 wt.%, 70 wt.%) of NdFeB microparticles as a filler were characterized. The novelty of the work was to determine the influence of the percentage of MP content and physiological conditioning on the properties of the PDMS-MP composites after in vitro incubation. An important essence of the work was a comprehensive study of the properties of materials important from the point of view of medical applications. Materials were tested before and after conditioning in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution at a temperature of 37 \u00b0C. Several studies were carried out, including thermal, physicochemical, and rheological tests. The results show that with an increase of the incubation time, most of the measured thermal and physicochemical parameters decreased. The presence of the magnetic filler, especially at a concentration of 70 wt.%, has a positive effect on thermal stability and physicochemical and rheological properties. The performed tests provided important results, which can lead to further research for a broader application of magnetic composites in the biomedical field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"7122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Physiological Incubation on the Properties of Elastic Magnetic Composites for Soft Biomedical Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Mystkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Powojska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"\u0141ysik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Niew\u0119g\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1660-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert Santiago Ca\u00f1\u00f3n","family":"Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5742-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Mystkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7177-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denys","family":"Makarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2385105","article-title":"Biomedical Applications of Untethered Mobile Milli\/Microrobots","volume":"103","author":"Sitti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-006-0982-y","article-title":"Magnetically Actuable Polymer Nanocomposites for Bioengineering Applications","volume":"42","author":"Mack","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1039\/C2NR32554C","article-title":"Bio-Inspired Magnetic Swimming Microrobots for Biomedical Applications","volume":"5","author":"Peyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055035","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/22\/5\/055035","article-title":"Fabrication and Characterization of PDMS Based Magnetorheological Elastomers","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav4494","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aav4494","article-title":"Millimeter-Scale Flexible Robots with Programmable Three-Dimensional Magnetization and Motions","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf0112","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abf0112","article-title":"Voxelated Three-Dimensional Miniature Magnetic Soft Machines via Multimaterial Heterogeneous Assembly","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.588391","article-title":"A Review of Magnetic Elastomers and Their Role in Soft Robotics","volume":"7","author":"Bira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-020-00067-1","article-title":"Untethered and Ultrafast Soft-Bodied Robots","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0022-y","article-title":"Biomedical Applications of Soft Robotics","volume":"3","author":"Cianchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0002-2","article-title":"3D Printing of Soft Robotic Systems","volume":"3","author":"Wallin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R., Surendran, A.N., Mejulu, M., and Lin, Y. (2019). Rapid Microfluidic Mixer Based on Ferrofluid and Integrated Microscale NdFeB-PDMS Magnet. Micromachines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11010029"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2021.06.048","article-title":"Material Extrusion 3D Printing of Carbon Material Reinforced PDMS Matrix Composites and Their Mechanical Properties","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003155","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003155","article-title":"Stretchable Electronics Based on PDMS Substrates","volume":"33","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2021.110473","article-title":"Self-Disinfecting PDMS Surfaces with High Quaternary Ammonium Functionality by Direct Surface Photoinitiated Polymerization of Vinylbenzyl Dimethylbutylammonium Chloride","volume":"152","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"PDMS-Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Flexible Transparent Electronics","volume":"2019","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00646","article-title":"3D Printing of PDMS Improves Its Mechanical and Cell Adhesion Properties","volume":"4","author":"Ozbolat","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110789","article-title":"Soft and Elastic Hollow Microcapsules Embedded Silicone Elastomer Films with Enhanced Water Uptake and Permeability for Mechanical Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Applications","volume":"111","author":"Rajamanickam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.11.028","article-title":"Poly(Dimethylsiloxane): A Sustainable Human Skin Alternative for Transdermal Drug Delivery Prediction","volume":"110","author":"Sabo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Kaplan, J.A., Colson, Y.L., and Grinstaff, M.W. (2017). Mechanoresponsive Materials for Drug Delivery: Harnessing Forces for Controlled Release. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Elsevier B.V.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.11.001"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.09.012","article-title":"Active Delivery of Multi-Layer Drug-Loaded Microneedle Patches Using Magnetically Driven Capsule","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-010510-103409","article-title":"Microrobots for Minimally Invasive Medicine","volume":"12","author":"Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.09.017","article-title":"Magnetic Particle Targeting for Diagnosis and Therapy of Lung Cancers","volume":"328","author":"Saadat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2021.102525","article-title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Hydrogel Combined with Static Magnetic Field as a Potential Bio-Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering","volume":"64","author":"Farzaneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.04.105","article-title":"Effect of Fe3O4 Concentration on 3D Gel-Printed Fe3O4\/CaSiO3 Composite Scaffolds for Bone Engineering","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw2897","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw2897","article-title":"Photothermally and Magnetically Controlled Reconfiguration of Polymer Composites for Soft Robotics","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s40831-018-0204-2","article-title":"Recycling of NdFeB Magnets by Electrodischarge Sintering\u2014Microstructure, Magnetic, and Mechanical Properties","volume":"5","author":"Leich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Metall."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-015-0024-0","article-title":"Polydimethylsiloxane Films Doped with NdFeB Powder: Magnetic Characterization and Potential Applications in Biomedical Engineering and Microrobotics","volume":"17","author":"Iacovacci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2018.10.018","article-title":"Multifunctional Magnetic ZnFe2O4-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Particles for Local Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery and Bacterial Infection Inhibition: An in Vitro Study","volume":"96","author":"Seyfoori","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.12.011","article-title":"Effects of Iron Oxide Particles on MRI and Mammography in Breast Cancer Patients after a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Paramagnetic Tracers","volume":"75","author":"Aribal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84276-9","article-title":"Pulmonary Blood Volume Estimation in Mice by Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"11","author":"Kaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03808","article-title":"Tomographic Imaging Using the Nonlinear Response of Magnetic Particles","volume":"435","author":"Gleich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1039\/C4BM00041B","article-title":"Magnetic Composite Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering","volume":"2","author":"Gil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149286","article-title":"A Compound of ZnO\/PDMS with Photocatalytic, Self-Cleaning and Antibacterial Properties Prepared via Two-Step Method","volume":"550","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112251","article-title":"Comprehensive in Vitro Comparison of Cellular and Osteogenic Response to Alternative Biomaterials for Spinal Implants","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.10.056","article-title":"Contact Angle Measurement of Natural Materials","volume":"161","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"361","article-title":"Conditioned Medium-Electrospun Fiber Biomaterials for Skin Regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2020.03.022","article-title":"Biomaterials Affect Cell-Cell Interactions in Vitro in Tissue Engineering","volume":"63","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/10420150412331326958","article-title":"A Study of the Activation Energy of Thermal Decomposition of Irradiated Polymers","volume":"159","author":"Mishra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyazovkin, S. (2020). Kissinger Method in Kinetics of Materials: Things to Beware and Be Aware Of. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122813"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00772B","article-title":"Overview of Sterilization Methods for UHMWPE through Surface Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Fontoura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazhat, S.N. (2008). Thermal Analysis of Biomaterials. Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470697702.ch7"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.09.013","article-title":"A Practical Guide to Rapid-Prototyping of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices: A Tutorial","volume":"1135","author":"Morbioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20947","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c21868","article-title":"Dynamic Tuning of Viscoelastic Hydrogels with Carbonyl Iron Microparticles Reveals the Rapid Response of Cells to Three-Dimensional Substrate Mechanics","volume":"13","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2019.111707","article-title":"Magnetically Actuated Miniature Walking Soft Robot Based on Chained Magnetic Microparticles-Embedded Elastomer","volume":"301","author":"Ijaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2009.2029166","article-title":"Viscoelastic Characterization and Modeling of Polymer Transducers for Biological Applications","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"ISO (2016). ISO 11357-1:2016 Plastics\u2014Differential Scanning Calorimetry\u2014General Principles, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"ISO (2014). ISO 11358-1:2014 Plastics\u2014Thermogravimetry (TG) of Polymers, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141ysik, D., Mystkowska, J., Markiewicz, G., Deptu\u0142a, P., and Bucki, R. (2019). The Influence of Mucin-Based Artificial Saliva on Properties of Polycaprolactone and Polylactide. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11111880"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, R., Yao, J., Mu, Q., Peng, D., Zhao, H., and Yang, Z. (2020). Study on the Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Silicone Resin Containing Trifluorovinyl Ether Groups. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12102284"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toto, E., Laurenzi, S., and Santonicola, M.G. (2020). Flexible Nanocomposites Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Matrices with DNA-Modified Graphene Filler: Curing Behavior by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12102301"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7830","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP00164H","article-title":"Melt and Glass Crystallization of PDMS and PDMS Silica Nanocomposites","volume":"16","author":"Bosq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05143-2","article-title":"Fe-N System at High Pressure Reveals a Compound Featuring Polymeric Nitrogen Chains","volume":"9","author":"Bykov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-6025-2","article-title":"Studies on the Thermal Properties of Silicone Polymer Based Thermal Protection Systems for Space Applications","volume":"128","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(00)00652-2","article-title":"Polydimethylsiloxane Thermal Degradation Part 1. Kinetic Aspects","volume":"42","author":"Camino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1515\/polyeng-2019-0120","article-title":"Synthesis of SiO 2 Nanoparticle from Bamboo Leaf and Its Incorporation in PDMS Membrane to Enhance Its Separation Properties","volume":"39","author":"Sethy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Polym. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Harbi, L., Darwish, M., Khowdiary, M., and Stibor, I. (2018). Controlled Preparation of Thermally Stable Fe-Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Composite by Magnetic Induction Heating. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10050507"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09206K","article-title":"Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Kinetics of Nanocomposites at Low-Modified ZnO Content","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-016-1242-3","article-title":"Flexible and Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on High Performance Well-Ordered Porous PDMS Dielectric Film","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18162","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18162","article-title":"Simple Surface Engineering of Polydimethylsiloxane with Polydopamine for Stabilized Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion and Multipotency","volume":"5","author":"Chuah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1049\/mnl.2017.0230","article-title":"Oxygen Plasma Treatments of Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces: Effect of the Atomic Oxygen on Capillary Flow in the Microchannels","volume":"12","author":"Ruben","year":"2017","journal-title":"Micro Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2020.126628","article-title":"Wettability and Surface Energy of Parylene F Deposited on PDMS","volume":"384","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1557\/opl.2012.663","article-title":"Gas Permeability and Mechanical Properties of PDMS Mixed with PMPS Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning","volume":"1410","author":"Nakano","year":"2012","journal-title":"MRS Proc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10492","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1477184","article-title":"Residual Dipolar Coupling for the Assessment of Cross-Link Density Changes in \u03b3-Irradiated Silica-PDMS Composite Materials","volume":"116","author":"Maxwell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800229","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201800229","article-title":"Tunable, Flexible Composite Magnets for Marine Monitoring Applications","volume":"20","author":"Kaidarova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2015.07.003","article-title":"Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Optical Properties of Novel Addition Cured PDMS Composites with Nano-Silica Sol and MQ Silicone Resin","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11278","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01629","article-title":"Surface-Treated Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) as a Gate Dielectric in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors","volume":"3","author":"Raveendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20218a","article-title":"Reaction\u2013Diffusion Phenomena in a PDMS Matrix Can Modify Its Topography","volume":"11","author":"Provin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.04.080","article-title":"A Microfluidic Chip Integrated with a High-Density PDMS-Based Microfiltration Membrane for Rapid Isolation and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"71","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.06.042","article-title":"\u201cMacromolecules to PDMS Transfer\u201d as a General Route for PDMS Biochips","volume":"24","author":"Heyries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.04.028","article-title":"Development of a Methodology for Reversible Chemical Modification of Silicon Surfaces with Application in Nanomechanical Biosensors","volume":"137","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.05.063","article-title":"Effect of Wettability and Surface Roughness on the Adhesion Properties of Collagen on PDMS Films Treated by Capacitively Coupled Oxygen Plasma","volume":"349","author":"Oliva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2016.10.029","article-title":"Enhancement of a Magnetorheological PDMS Elastomer with Carbonyl Iron Particles","volume":"57","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000659","article-title":"Effect of Different Types of Disinfection Solution and Aging on the Hardness and Colour Stability of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers","volume":"41","author":"Cevik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1515\/amm-2015-0024","article-title":"The Effect of Powder Particle Biencapsulation with Ni-P Layer on Local Corrosion of Bonded Nd-(Fe,Co)-B Magnetic Material","volume":"60","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Metall. Mater."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/21\/7122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:24:39Z","timestamp":1760167479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/21\/7122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s21217122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21217122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]}}}