{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:32:52Z","timestamp":1760236372089,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Foundation for Polish Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00-4379\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00-4379\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of innovative neurotechnologies in global brain projects has accelerated research and clinical applications of BCIs beyond sensory and motor functions. Both invasive and noninvasive sensors are developed to interface with cognitive functions engaged in thinking, communication, or remembering. The detection of eye movements by a camera offers a particularly attractive external sensor for computer interfaces to monitor, assess, and control these higher brain functions without acquiring signals from the brain. Features of gaze position and pupil dilation can be effectively used to track our attention in healthy mental processes, to enable interaction in disorders of consciousness, or to even predict memory performance in various brain diseases. In this perspective article, we propose the term \u2018CyberEye\u2019 to encompass emerging cognitive applications of eye-tracking interfaces for neuroscience research, clinical practice, and the biomedical industry. As CyberEye technologies continue to develop, we expect BCIs to become less dependent on brain activities, to be less invasive, and to thus be more applicable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21227605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T09:16:11Z","timestamp":1637140571000},"page":"7605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CyberEye: New Eye-Tracking Interfaces for Assessment and Modulation of Cognitive Functions beyond the Brain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8092-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Lech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Systems, Telecommunications and Informatics, BioTechMed Center, Faculty of Electronics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Czy\u017cewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Systems, Telecommunications and Informatics, BioTechMed Center, Faculty of Electronics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142 T.","family":"Kucewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Systems, Telecommunications and Informatics, BioTechMed Center, Faculty of Electronics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawala-Sterniuk, A., Browarska, N., Al-Bakri, A., Pelc, M., Zygarlicki, J., Sidikova, M., Martinek, R., and Gorzelanczyk, E.J. 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