{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:35:18Z","timestamp":1779154518365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Defence in the frame of European Defence Agency IED Detection Programme","award":["B 1465 GEM3 GP\/CONFIDENT \u201cCONFIDENT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B 1465 GEM3 GP\/CONFIDENT \u201cCONFIDENT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we present a versatile gas detector that can operate on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The device has six electrochemical modules, which can be selected to measure specific gases, according to the mission requirements. The gas intake is realized by a miniaturized vacuum pump, which provides immediate gas distribution to the sensors and improves a fast response. The measurement data are sent wirelessly to the operator\u2019s computer, which continuously stores results and presents them in real time. The 2 m tubing allows measurements to be taken in places that are not directly accessible to the UGV or the UAV. While UAVs significantly enhanced the versatility of sensing applications, point gas detection is challenging due to the downwash effect and gas dilution produced by the rotors. In our work, we demonstrated the method of downwash effect reduction at aerial point gas measurements by applying a long-distance probe, which was kept between the UAV and the examined object. Moreover, we developed a safety connection protecting the UAV and sensor in case of accidental jamming of the tubing inside the examined cavity. The methods presented provide an effective gas metering strategy using UAVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21227608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T09:16:11Z","timestamp":1637140571000},"page":"7608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Multi-Gas Sensor for Remote UAV and UGV Missions\u2014Development and Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miron","family":"Kaliszewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksymilian","family":"W\u0142odarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0823-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"M\u0142y\u0144czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Jankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airnail e.U\u2014Wings for Things, Haslbergerweg 14, 5023 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Bartosewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malwina","family":"Liszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Budner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Szala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department EWBT, Defence Technology Agency, Rossauer Laende 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Povoden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Armed Forces CBRN Defence Centre, ABC-Abwehrzentrum, Str., 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kopczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. 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