{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1760367878719,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Monitoring the ecological status of coastal ecosystems is essential to track the consequences of anthropogenic pressures and assess conservation actions. Monitoring requires periodic measurements collected in situ, replicated over large areas and able to capture their spatial distribution over time. This means developing tools and protocols that are cost-effective and provide consistent and high-quality data, which is a major challenge. A new tool and protocol with these capabilities for non-extractively assessing the status of fishes and benthic habitats is presented here: the KOSMOS 3.0 underwater video system. Methods: The KOSMOS 3.0 was conceived based on the pre-existing and successful STAVIRO lander, and developed within a digital fabrication laboratory where collective intelligence was contributed mostly voluntarily within a managed project. Our suite of mechanical, electrical, and software engineering skills were combined with ecological knowledge and field work experience. Results: Pool and aquarium tests of the KOSMOS 3.0 satisfied all the required technical specifications and operational testing. The prototype demonstrated high optical performance and high consistency with image data from the STAVIRO. The project\u2019s outcomes are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY-SA license. The low cost of a KOSMOS unit (~1400 \u20ac) makes multiple units affordable to modest research or monitoring budgets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21227724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"7724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["KOSMOS: An Open Source Underwater Video Lander for Monitoring Coastal Fishes and Habitats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, Unit\u00e9 Ecologie et Mod\u00e8les Pour l\u2019Halieutique, Centre Atlantique, F-44311 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Rouxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, Laboratoire D\u00e9tection Capteurs et Mesures, Centre Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Fauvarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, Laboratoire D\u00e9tection Capteurs et Mesures, Centre Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konk Ar Lab, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Gestalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konk Ar Lab, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgann","family":"Lebot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fonds Explore, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dreano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konk Ar Lab, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enora","family":"Furet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konk Ar Lab, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9591-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Tardivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, Laboratoire D\u00e9tection Capteurs et Mesures, Centre Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Le Bras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le National de Donn\u00e9es de Biodiversit\u00e9, UMS 2006 PatriNat, Station Marine de Concarneau, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4308-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coline","family":"Royaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le National de Donn\u00e9es de Biodiversit\u00e9, UMS 2006 PatriNat, Station Marine de Concarneau, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Leguen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konk Ar Lab, F-29900 Concarneau, France"},{"name":"Guillaume Leguen, F-29900 Concarneau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2014.01.019","article-title":"Underwater video techniques for observing coastal marine biodiversity: A review of sixty years of publications (1952\u20132012)","volume":"154","author":"Mallet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish. 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