{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:22Z","timestamp":1760236462383,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Laboratory of Science and Technology on Information Transmission and Dissemination in Communication Networks","award":["SXX19641X071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXX19641X071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adaptive beamforming is sensitive to steering vector (SV) and covariance matrix mismatches, especially when the signal of interest (SOI) component exists in the training sequence. In this paper, we present a low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) method based on an interference\u2013noise covariance matrix (INCM) reconstruction and SOI SV estimation. First, the proposed method employs the minimum mean square error criterion to construct the blocking matrix. Then, the projection matrix is obtained by projecting the blocking matrix onto the signal subspace of the sample covariance matrix (SCM). The INCM is reconstructed by replacing part of the eigenvector columns of the SCM with the corresponding eigenvectors of the projection matrix. On the other hand, the SOI SV is estimated via the iterative mismatch approximation method. The proposed method only needs to know the priori-knowledge of the array geometry and angular region where the SOI is located. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can deal with multiple types of mismatches, while taking into account both low complexity and high robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"7783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low-Complexity Robust Adaptive Beamforming Based on INCM Reconstruction via Subspace Projection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanliang","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication & Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology at Guilin, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication & Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology at Guilin, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology on Information Transmission and Dissemination in Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication & Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology at Guilin, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology on Information Transmission and Dissemination in Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1974.307893","article-title":"Rapid Convergence Rate in Adaptive Arrays","volume":"AES-10","author":"Reed","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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