{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:50:44Z","timestamp":1773798644776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013527","name":"Dental Trade Alliance Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental radiographs are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning, but are sometimes difficult to acquire for patients with developmental disabilities (PDD). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-ionizing imaging modality that has the potential application as an alternative to dental radiographs for PDD. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of intraoral OCT imaging for PDD. Ten participants were recruited in the Dental Education in the Care of Persons with Disabilities (DECOD) Clinic to explore the utility of dental OCT. The prototype system (Yoshida Dental) creates in-depth and three-dimensional images of teeth. The participants indicated their degree of pain during imaging on the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and the degree of discomfort after imaging on a visual analog scale. OCT can be used for patients with developmental disabilities with minimal levels of pain and discomfort, without ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"7940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography for Patients with Developmental Disabilities: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Education in the Care of Persons with Disabilities (DECOD), Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomimetics, Biomaterials, Biophotonics, Biomechanics & Technology (B4T) Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Tagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7658-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomimetics, Biomaterials, Biophotonics, Biomechanics & Technology (B4T) Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2002.tb01170.x","article-title":"Dental fear in a special needs clinic population of persons with disabilities","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9c. 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