{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:19:12Z","timestamp":1769163552001,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICTR&amp;D program of MSIT\/IITP","award":["2019-0-00102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0-00102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A simple dual-band patch antenna with paired L-shap slots for on- and off-body communications has been presented in this article. The proposed antenna resonates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at two different frequencies, at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. At the lower frequency band, the antenna\u2019s radiation pattern is broadsided directional, whereas it is omni-directional at the higher frequency band. The efficiency and performance of the proposed antenna under the influence of the physical body are improved, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is significantly reduced by creating a full ground plane behind the substrate. The substrate\u2019s material is FR-4, the thickness of which is 1.6 mm and it has a loss tangent of tan\u03b4 = 0.02. The overall size of the proposed design is 40 mm \u00d7 30 mm \u00d7 1.6 mm. Physical phantoms, such as skin, fat and muscle, are used to evaluate the impact of physical layers at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The SAR values are assessed and found to be 0.19 W\/kg and 1.18 W\/kg at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively, over 1 gram of mass tissue. The acquired results indicate that this antenna can be used for future on- and off-body communications and wireless services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"7953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Compact Dual-Band Antenna with Paired L-Shape Slots for On- and Off-Body Wireless Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarosh","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28903 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9730-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamat","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}]},{"given":"Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10232908","article-title":"An Artificial Magnetic Conductor\u2013Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications","volume":"10","author":"Shahzad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zu, H., Wu, B., Yang, P., Li, W., and Liu, J. 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