{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T22:34:13Z","timestamp":1763591653858,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present scenario, a considerable assiduity is provided to develop novel human-machine interface technologies that rapidly outpace the capabilities of display technology in automotive industries. It is necessary to use a new cockpit design in conjunction with a fully automated driving environment in order to enhance the driving experience. It can create a seamless and futuristic dashboard for automotive infotainment application. In the present study, an endeavor was made to equip the In-vehicle bezels with printed capacitive sensors for providing superior sensing capabilities. Silver Nanoparticles based interdigitated pattern electrodes were formed over polycarbonate substrates to make printed capacitive sensors using screen printing process. The developed sensor was investigated to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative measures using direct and in-direct contact of touch. The proposed approach for sensors pattern and fabrication can highly impact on sensor performance in automotive infotainment application due to the excellent spatial interpolation with lower cost, light weight, and mechanical flexibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21237961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"7961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fabrication and Performance Evolution of AgNP Interdigitated Electrode Touch Sensor for Automotive Infotainment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6911-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. P.","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Muthuramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2375203","article-title":"Technologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2777880","article-title":"Sensor integration based approach for automatic fork lift trucks","volume":"18","author":"Muthuramalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2772316","article-title":"Tracking and locking system for shooter with sensory noise cancellation","volume":"18","author":"Rabik","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1109\/JDT.2008.2004862","article-title":"A large area flexible array sensors using screen printing technology","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Display. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2007.11.004","article-title":"Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012064","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1969\/1\/012064","article-title":"In-depth scrutinization of In- Mold Electronics for Automotive applications","volume":"1969","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-020-05377-9","article-title":"Deformation characteristics and resistance distribution in thermoforming of printed electrical circuits for in-mold electronics application","volume":"108","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77760","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA12013F","article-title":"Conductive silver inks and their applications in printed and flexible electronics","volume":"5","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864239","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1864239","article-title":"Shear-Force Sensors on Flexible Substrates Using Inkjet Printing","volume":"2019","author":"Albrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaspar, C., Olkkonen, J., Passoja, S., and Smolander, M. (2017). Paper as Active Layer in Inkjet-Printed Capacitive Humidity Sensors. Sensors, 17.","key":"ref_10","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071464"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201004692","article-title":"Paper Electronics","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13910","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3071582","article-title":"Design, Fabrication, and Crack Analysis of Silver Track Printed Flexible Sensor for Automobile Infotainment Application","volume":"21","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2006.06.014","article-title":"Evaluation of adhesion between coating and substrate by a single pendulum impact scratch test","volume":"515","author":"Duan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin. Solid. Films."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.02.042","article-title":"All additive inkjet printed humidity sensors on plastic substrate","volume":"166\u2013167","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators. B Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2004.01.040","article-title":"Analytical evaluation of the interdigital electrodes capacitance for a multi-layered structure","volume":"112","author":"Igreja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators. A Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1415688","article-title":"Effects of Quantity and Size of Buttons of In-Vehicle Touch Screen on Drivers\u2019 Eye Glance Behavior","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"unstructured":"(2020, January 11). Technical report, Visteon, CES Show. Available online: https:\/\/www.visteon.com\/.","key":"ref_17"},{"unstructured":"(2020, January 11). Technical report, Continental, CES Show. Available online: https:\/\/www.continental-automotive.com\/.","key":"ref_18"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25784","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25784","article-title":"Screen-printing fabrication and characterization of stretchable electronics","volume":"6","author":"Suikkola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3144\/expresspolymlett.2015.13","article-title":"Improvements in thermoforming simulation by use of 3D digital image correlation","volume":"9","author":"Mieghem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Polym. Lett."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, S.M., Sovuthy, C., Imran, M.A., Socheatra, S., Abbasi, Q.H., and Abidin, Z.Z. (2020). Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art. Micromachines, 11.","key":"ref_21","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11100888"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5190","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b02477","article-title":"Screen-Printed Washable Electronic Textiles as Self-Powered Touch\/Gesture Tribo-Sensors for Intelligent Human\u2013Machine Interaction","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS. Nano."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800546","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800546","article-title":"Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2013.811749","article-title":"Experimental investigation of iso energy pulse generator on performance measures in EDM","volume":"28","author":"Muthuramalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acme.2013.10.003","article-title":"Performance analysis of iso current pulse generator on machining characteristics in EDM process","volume":"14","author":"Muthuramalingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"133","article-title":"Design and fabrication of control system based iso current pulse generator for electricaldischarge machining","volume":"6","author":"Muthuramalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mechatron. Manuf. Syst."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/23\/7961\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:37:18Z","timestamp":1760168238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/23\/7961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s21237961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21237961","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]}}}