{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1772162978342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intelligent machining has become an important part of manufacturing systems because of the increased demand for productivity. Tool condition monitoring is an integral part of these systems. Airborne acoustic emission from the machining process is a vital indicator of tool health, however, it is highly affected by background noise. Reducing the background noise helps in developing a low-cost system. In this research work, a feedforward neural network is used as an adaptive filter to reduce the background noise. Acoustic signals from four different machines in the background are acquired and are introduced to a machining signal at different speeds and feed-rates at a constant depth of cut. These four machines are a three-axis milling machine, a four-axis mini-milling machine, a variable speed DC motor, and a grinding machine. The backpropagation neural network shows an accuracy of 75.82% in classifying the background noise. To reconstruct the filtered signal, a novel autoregressive moving average (ARMA)-based algorithm is proposed. An average increase of 71.3% in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is found before and after signal reconstruction. The proposed technique shows promising results for signal reconstruction for the machining process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21238023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:12:40Z","timestamp":1638328360000},"page":"8023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Hybrid Approach for Noise Reduction in Acoustic Signal of Machining Process Using Neural Networks and ARMA Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tayyab","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Khurram","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Senthan","family":"Mathavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7343-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alkahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad M.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Mohamed K.","family":"Aboudaif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbestawi, M.A., Dumitrescu, M., and Ng, E.-G. (2006). Tool condition monitoring in machining. 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