{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:29:02Z","timestamp":1780439342763,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFB2002500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB2002500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a method for detecting rotational speed by LC (inductor-capacitor) wireless sensors. The sensing system consists of two identical LC resonant tanks. One is mounted on the rotating part and the other, as a readout circuit, is placed right above the rotating part. When the inductor on the rotating part is coaxially aligned with the readout inductor during rotation, the mutual coupling between them reaches the maximum, resulting in a peak amplitude induced at the readout LC tank. The period of the readout signal corresponds to the rotation speed. ADS (Advanced Design System) software was used to simulate and optimize the sensing system. A synchronous detection circuit was designed. The rotational speed of an electric was measured to validate this method experimentally, and the results indicated that the maximum error of the rotation speed from 16 rps to 41 rps was 0.279 rps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21238055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"8055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rotational Speed Measurement Based on LC Wireless Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0646-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(03)00158-4","article-title":"Magneto-optical rotational speed sensor","volume":"106","author":"Didosyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2173187","article-title":"Random rotary position sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings","volume":"12","author":"Sheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(01)00510-6","article-title":"Robust GMR sensors for angle detection and rotation speed sensing","volume":"91","author":"Giebeler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001904","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2016.2537924","article-title":"Magnetoelectric effect for rotational parameters detection","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2877808","article-title":"Instantaneous rotation speed measurement system based on variable reluctance sensors for torsional vibration monitoring","volume":"68","author":"Addabbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/19.728834","article-title":"A robust capacitive angular speed sensor","volume":"47","author":"Fabian","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1784","article-title":"Rotational speed measurement using single and dual electrostatic sensors","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Hu, H., Qin, Y., and Tang, K. (2019). Digital approach to rotational speed measurement using an electrostatic sensor. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112540"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.106737","article-title":"Torque and rotational speed sensor based on resistance and capacitive grating for rotational shaft of mechanical systems","volume":"142","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.418233","article-title":"All-fiber rotation speed measurement based on dual-beam speckle interference","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055006","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0045787","article-title":"A self-powered sensor for drill pipe capable of monitoring rotation speed and direction based on triboelectric nanogenerator","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2016.2602298","article-title":"LC passive wireless sensors toward a wireless sensing platform: Status, prospects, and challenges","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045010","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-6528\/abf6a4","article-title":"Observation of the perturbed eigenvalues of PT-symmetric LC resonator systems","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064022","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.13.064022","article-title":"Enhancing the remote distance of LC passive wireless sensors by parity-time symmetry breaking","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2901004","article-title":"Low cost paper-based LC wireless humidity sensors and distance-insensitive readout system","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2876060","article-title":"Multi-parameters detection implemented by LC sensors with branching inductors","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2014.2333747","article-title":"An LC-type passive wireless humidity sensor system with portable telemetry unit","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2575923","article-title":"A passive wireless adaptive repeater for enhancing the readout of LC passive wireless sensors","volume":"26","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2385798","article-title":"Implementation of multiparameter monitoring by an LC-type passive wireless sensor through specific winding stacked inductors","volume":"2","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2550537","article-title":"An LC passive wireless multifunctional sensor using a relay switch","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1500504","article-title":"Effects of Metal Plane in LC Passive Wireless Sensors","volume":"2","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra, D.K. (2004). Radio-Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/0471653764"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/23\/8055\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:38:43Z","timestamp":1760168323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/23\/8055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s21238055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21238055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]}}}