{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:32:59Z","timestamp":1781109179009,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy harvesting has an essential role in the development of reliable devices for environmental wireless sensor networks (EWSN) in the Internet of Things (IoT), without considering the need to replace discharged batteries. Thermoelectric energy is a renewable energy source that can be exploited in order to efficiently charge a battery. The paper presents a simulation of an environment monitoring device powered by a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that harvests energy from the temperature difference between air and soil. The simulation represents a mathematical description of an EWSN, which consists of a sensor model powered by a DC\/DC boost converter via a TEG and a load, which simulates data transmission, a control algorithm and data collection. The results section provides a detailed description of the harvested energy parameters and properties and their possibilities for use. The harvested energy allows supplying the load with an average power of 129.04 \u03bcW and maximum power of 752.27 \u03bcW. The first part of the results section examines the process of temperature differences and the daily amount of harvested energy. The second part of the results section provides a comprehensive analysis of various settings for the EWSN device\u2019s operational period and sleep consumption. The study investigates the device\u2019s number of operational cycles, quantity of energy used, discharge time, failures and overheads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21238098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"8098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Environment-Monitoring IoT Devices Powered by a TEG Which Converts Thermal Flux between Air and Near-Surface Soil into Electrical Energy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Paterova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Prauzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0496-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaromir","family":"Konecny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stepan","family":"Ozana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Zmij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brose CZ Spol. s r.o., 742 21 Koprivnice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stankus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Weise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramya, R., Saravanakumar, G., and Ravi, S. 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