{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:56:42Z","timestamp":1772848602306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It remains unknown whether variation of scores on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength is associated with operator-independent techniques: dynamometry and surface electromyography (sEMG). This study aimed to evaluate whether the scores of the MRC strength scale are associated with instrumented measures of torque and muscle activity in post-stroke survivors with severe hemiparesis both before and after an intervention. Patients affected by a first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 6 months before enrollment and with complete paresis were included in the study. The pre- and post-treatment assessments included the MRC strength scale, sEMG, and dynamometry assessment of the triceps brachii (TB) and biceps brachii (BB) as measures of maximal elbow extension and flexion torque, respectively. Proprioceptive-based training was used as a treatment model, which consisted of multidirectional exercises with verbal feedback. Each treatment session lasted 1 h\/day, 5 days a week for a total 15 sessions. Nineteen individuals with stroke participated in the study. A significant correlation between outcome measures for the BB (MRC and sEMG p = 0.0177, \u03c1 = 0.601; MRC and torque p = 0.0001, \u03c1 = 0.867) and TB (MRC and sEMG p = 0.0026, \u03c1 = 0.717; MRC and torque p = 0.0001, \u03c1 = 0.873) were observed post intervention. Regression models revealed a relationship between the MRC score and sEMG and torque measures for both the TB and BB. The results confirmed that variation on the MRC strength scale is associated with variation in sEMG and torque measures, especially post intervention. The regression model showed a causal relationship between MRC scale scores, sEMG, and torque assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T11:00:23Z","timestamp":1638874823000},"page":"8175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Does the Score on the MRC Strength Scale Reflect Instrumented Measures of Maximal Torque and Muscle Activity in Post-Stroke Survivors?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Kiper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, 30126 Venice, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7170-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Rimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department-Clinical Engineering, Salford Care Organisation, Salford M6 8HD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1689-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Falla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"given":"Alfonc","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2955-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Maistrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS, 30126 Venice, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1609-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Turolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS, 30126 Venice, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9853837","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9853837","article-title":"Elderly Stroke Rehabilitation: Overcoming the Complications and Its Associated Challenges","volume":"2018","author":"Lui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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