{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1773327592559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE 1566283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE 1566283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exploration of the plasmonic field enhancement of nanoprobes consisting of gold and magnetic core@gold shell nanoparticles has found increasing application for the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors. The understanding of factors controlling the electromagnetic field enhancement, as a result of the plasmonic field enhancement of the nanoprobes in SERS biosensing applications, is critical for the design and preparation of the optimal nanoprobes. This report describes findings from theoretical calculations of the electromagnetic field intensity of dimer models of gold and magnetic core@gold shell nanoparticles in immunoassay SERS detection of biomarkers. The electromagnetic field intensities for a series of dimeric nanoprobes with antibody\u2013antigen\u2013antibody binding defined interparticle distances were examined in terms of nanoparticle sizes, core\u2013shell sizes, and interparticle spacing. The results reveal that the electromagnetic field enhancement not only depended on the nanoparticle size and the relative core size and shell thicknesses of the magnetic core@shell nanoparticles but also strongly on the interparticle spacing. Some of the dependencies are also compared with experimental data from SERS detection of selected cancer biomarkers, showing good agreement. The findings have implications for the design and optimization of functional nanoprobes for SERS-based biosensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T22:06:10Z","timestamp":1639519570000},"page":"8345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessing Plasmonic Nanoprobes in Electromagnetic Field Enhancement for SERS Detection of Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Han-Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Yan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine S.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6011-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina R.","family":"Filippone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0065-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quang Minh","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Jian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7910","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00027","article-title":"SERS-Activated Platforms for Immunoassay: Probes, Encoding Methods, and Applications","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. 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