{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:22:39Z","timestamp":1773116559841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N14772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N14772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a disaster scene, triage is a key principle for effectively rescuing injured people according to severity level. One main parameter of the used triage algorithm is the patient\u2019s consciousness. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been investigated toward (semi-)automatic triage. In addition to vital parameters, such as heart and respiratory rate, UAVs should detect victims\u2019 mobility and consciousness from the video data. This paper presents an algorithm combining deep learning with image processing techniques to detect human bodies for further (un)consciousness classification. The algorithm was tested in a 20-subject group in an outside environment with static (RGB and thermal) cameras where participants performed different limb movements in different body positions and angles between the cameras and the bodies\u2019 longitudinal axis. The results verified that the algorithm performed better in RGB. For the most probable case of 0 degrees, RGB data obtained the following results: Mathews correlation coefficient (MMC) of 0.943, F1-score of 0.951, and precision-recall area under curve AUC (PRC) score of 0.968. For the thermal data, the MMC was 0.913, F1-score averaged 0.923, and AUC (PRC) was 0.960. Overall, the algorithm may be promising along with others for a complete contactless triage assessment in disaster events during day and night.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:40:32Z","timestamp":1639968032000},"page":"8455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Consciousness Detection on Injured Simulated Patients Using Manual and Automatic Classification via Visible and Infrared Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Queir\u00f3s Pokee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Innovation Hub, Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Barbosa Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Innovation Hub, Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"M\u00f6sch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Innovation Hub, Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6817-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Follmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Innovation Hub, Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Czaplik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Innovation Hub, Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2018.10.004","article-title":"Ethical Prioritization of Patients during Disaster Triage: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence","volume":"43","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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