{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T02:00:22Z","timestamp":1773885622045,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004505","name":"University of Catania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cfondi di ateneo 2020\u20102022\u201d PIA.CE.RI, linea Open Access"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cfondi di ateneo 2020\u20102022\u201d PIA.CE.RI, linea Open Access"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test quantifies physical mobility by measuring the total performance time. In this study, we quantified the single TUG subcomponents and, for the first time, explored the effects of gait cycle and pelvis asymmetries on them. Transfemoral (TF) and transtibial (TT) amputees were compared with a control group. A single wearable inertial sensor, applied to the back, captured kinematic data from the body and pelvis during the 10-m walk test and the TUG test. From these data, two categories of symmetry indexes (SI) were computed: One SI captured the differences between the antero-posterior accelerations of the two sides during the gait cycle, while another set of SI quantified the symmetry over the three-dimensional pelvis motions. Moreover, the total time of the TUG test, the time of each subcomponent, and the velocity of the turning subcomponents were measured. Only the TF amputees showed significant reductions in each SI category when compared to the controls. During the TUG test, the TF group showed a longer duration and velocity reduction mainly over the turning subtasks. However, for all the amputees there were significant correlations between the level of asymmetries and the velocity during the turning tasks. Overall, gait cycle and pelvis asymmetries had a specific detrimental effect on the turning performance instead of on linear walking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Use of a Single Wearable Sensor to Evaluate the Effects of Gait and Pelvis Asymmetries on the Components of the Timed Up and Go Test, in Persons with Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stella","family":"Valle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0180-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Casabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Residency Program of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Sapienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Residency Program of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regina Margherita Hospital, 97013 Comiso, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Laudani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports, Campus de los Jer\u00f3nimos, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BTS Bioengineering, 20024 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regina Margherita Hospital, 97013 Comiso, Italy"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Gait and Posture Analysis Laboratory, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele-San Marco, University Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80528-1","article-title":"Prosthetic gait of unilateral transfemoral amputees: A kinematic study","volume":"76","author":"Jaegers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. 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