{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:12:26Z","timestamp":1761664346931,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13GW0257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GW0257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the growing number of people seeking medical advice due to low back pain (LBP), individualised physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is becoming increasingly relevant. Thirty volunteers were asked to perform three typical LBP rehabilitation exercises (Prone-Rocking, Bird-Dog and Rowing) in two categories: clinically prescribed exercise (CPE) and typical compensatory movement (TCM). Three inertial sensors were used to detect the movement of the back during exercise performance and thus generate a dataset that is used to develop an algorithm that detects typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises. The best feature combinations out of 50 derived features displaying the highest capacity to differentiate between CPE and TCM in each exercise were determined. For classifying exercise movements as CPE or TCM, a binary decision tree was trained with the best performing features. The results showed that the trained classifier is able to distinguish CPE from TCM in Bird-Dog, Prone-Rocking and Rowing with up to 97.7% (Head Sensor, one feature), 98.9% (Upper back Sensor, one feature) and 80.5% (Upper back Sensor, two features) using only one sensor. Thus, as a proof-of-concept, the introduced classification models can be used to detect typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Detection of Typical Compensatory Movements during Autonomously Performed Exercises Preventing Low Back Pain (LBP)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asaad","family":"Sellmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1369-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Holtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Eschweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Diers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diers International GmbH, 65388 Schlangenbad, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sybele","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7624-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Disselhorst-Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.543","article-title":"The Rising Prevalence of Chronic Low Back Pain","volume":"169","author":"Freburger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. 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