{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:40:42Z","timestamp":1760236842282,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensing coils are inductive sensors commonly used to measure magnetic fields, such as those generated by electromagnets used in many kinds of industrial and scientific applications. Inductive sensors rely on integrating the output voltage at the coil\u2019s terminals in order to obtain flux linkage, which may suffer from the magnification of low-frequency noise resulting in a drifting integrated signal. This article presents a method for the cancellation of integrator drift. The method is based on a first-order linear Kalman filter combining the data from the coil and a second sensor. Two case studies are presented. In the first one, the second sensor is a Hall probe, which senses the magnetic field directly. In a second case study, the magnet\u2019s excitation current was used instead to provide a first-order approximation of the field. Experimental tests show that both approaches can reduce the measured field drift by three orders of magnitude. The Hall probe option guarantees, in addition, one order of magnitude better absolute accuracy than by using the excitation current.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T06:55:03Z","timestamp":1640674503000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Drift-Free Integration in Inductive Magnetic Field Measurements Achieved by Kalman Filtering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Arpaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Buzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Capua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80100 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7055-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Grassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Parvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Pentella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marconato, N., Cavazzana, R., Bettini, P., and Rigoni, A. 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