{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:50:15Z","timestamp":1777629015992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PGC2018-099530-B-C31","award":["PGC2018-099530-B-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-099530-B-C31"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIBA 2018-44, PUE_2021_1_0009 and Elkartek (CEMAP and AVANSITE) projects"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIBA 2018-44, PUE_2021_1_0009 and Elkartek (CEMAP and AVANSITE) projects"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003451","name":"University of the Basque Country","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cAyuda a Grupos Consolidados\u201d (Ref.: GIU18\/192) and COLAB20\/15 project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cAyuda a Grupos Consolidados\u201d (Ref.: GIU18\/192) and COLAB20\/15 project"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a gradual change in the hysteresis loop of Co-rich glass-coated microwire stress-annealed at variable temperature is observed. Such microwires annealed with a temperature gradient also present a variable squareness ratio and magnetic anisotropy field along the microwire\u2019s length. The obtained graded anisotropy has been attributed to a gradual modification of the domain structure along the microwire originated by a counterbalance between shape, magnetoelastic, and induced magnetic anisotropies. Accordingly, we propose a rather simple route to design graded magnetic anisotropy in a magnetic microwire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T06:55:03Z","timestamp":1640674503000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of Co-Rich Microwires with Graded Magnetic Anisotropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Zhukova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Corte-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan Maria","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihail","family":"Ipatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5025-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arcady","family":"Zhukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, University of Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Webster, J. (1999). Soft Magnetic Materials. Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2006.874493","article-title":"Magnetic sensors and their applications","volume":"6","author":"Lenz","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00930-7","article-title":"Magnetic materials for electronic article surveillance","volume":"254\u2013255","author":"Herzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Tishin, A.M. (2022). Advanced functional magnetic microwires for magnetic sensors suitable for biomedical applications. Ch. 18. Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Medical Applications, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(00)00291-2","article-title":"Sensors based on soft magnetic materials Panel discussion","volume":"215","author":"Ripka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28340","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128340","article-title":"Magnetic Sensors Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Materials: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Cabrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(99)00152-1","article-title":"Magnetoelastic sensor of level of the liquid based on magnetoelastic properties of Co-rich microwires","volume":"81","author":"Zhukov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718069","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/718069","article-title":"Recent Advances of Amorphous Wire CMOS IC Magneto-Impedance Sensors: Innovative High-Performance Micromagnetic Sensor Chip","volume":"2015","author":"Mohri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2007.01.052","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys","volume":"55","author":"Schuh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02643346","article-title":"Mechanical properties of Fe\u2013Si\u2013B amorphous wires produced by in-rotating-water spinning method","volume":"13","author":"Hagiwara","year":"1982","journal-title":"Metall. Trans. A"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans1960.18.759","article-title":"Mechanical properties of amorphous Fe80P16C3B1 filament produced by glass-coated melt spinning","volume":"18","author":"Goto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. JIM"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00509-7","article-title":"Correlation between magnetic and mechanical properties of devitrified glass-coated Fe71.8Cu1Nb3.1Si15B9.1 microwires","volume":"249","author":"Zhukova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"C8-894","article-title":"Corrosion properties of amorphous metals","volume":"41","author":"Masumoto","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Phys. Colloq."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-2965-9_17","article-title":"Applications of Amorphous Magnetic Alloys","volume":"Volume 184","author":"Idzikowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Properties and Applications of Nanocrystalline Alloys from Amorphous Precursors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honkura, Y., and Honkura, S. (2020). The Development of ASIC Type GSR Sensor Driven by GHz Pulse Current. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041023"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.12693\/APhysPolA.131.1150","article-title":"Novel Applications of Bistable Magnetic Microwires","volume":"131","author":"Sabol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Pol. A"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2010.11.002","article-title":"On different tag reader architectures for bistable microwires","volume":"166","author":"Makhnovskiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhukova, V., Corte-Leon, P., Blanco, J.M., Ipatov, M., Gonzalez, J., and Zhukov, A. (2021). Electronic Surveillance and Security Applications of Magnetic Microwires. Chemosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202101.0055.v1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1506016","article-title":"Amorphous magnetic wires for medical locator applications","volume":"81","author":"Dicello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2017.11.004","article-title":"Biomedical applications of glass-coated microwires","volume":"470","author":"Kozejova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1109\/20.42381","article-title":"Magnetostriction measurements for amorphous wires","volume":"25","author":"Konno","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"711","article-title":"Amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnets","volume":"Volume 338","author":"Hadjipanayis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Materials"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201532552","article-title":"Magnetostriction investigation of soft magnetic microwires","volume":"213","author":"Churyukanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(01)00385-7","article-title":"Giant magneto-impedance effect in CoMnSiB amorphous microwires","volume":"234","author":"Zhukov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-8853(79)90033-7","article-title":"Magnetic properties of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys","volume":"13","author":"Domann","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"159","article-title":"Theory of the coercive field in amorphous ferromagnetic alloys","volume":"24","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1109\/20.364813","article-title":"The magnetization reversal process in amorphous wires","volume":"31","author":"Vazquez","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1109\/20.104526","article-title":"Large Barkhausen and Matteucci Effects in FeCoSiB, FeCrSiB, and FeNiSiB Amorphous Wires","volume":"26","author":"Mohri","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00520-6","article-title":"Switching field fluctuations in a glass coated Fe-rich amorphous microwire","volume":"249","author":"Zhukova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mat."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1109\/20.489802","article-title":"Large Barkhausen Discontinuities of Die-Drawn Fe-Si-B Amorphous Wire","volume":"31","author":"Soeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1063\/1.112104","article-title":"Magneto-impedance effect in amorphous wires","volume":"65","author":"Panina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1063\/1.111170","article-title":"Giant magnetic field dependent impedance of amorphous FeCoSiB wire","volume":"64","author":"Beach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.152225","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance in rapidly quenched materials","volume":"814","author":"Zhukov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"497","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance","volume":"Volume 15","author":"Bruck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Handbook of Magnetic Materials"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.166180","article-title":"Soft Magnetic Microwires for Sensor Applications","volume":"498","author":"Zhukov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranov, S.A., Larin, V.S., and Torcunov, A.V. (2017). Technology, Preparation and Properties of the Cast Glass-Coated Magnetic Microwires. Crystals, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst7060136"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiriac, H., Lupu, N., Stoian, G., Ababei, G., Corodeanu, S., and \u00d3v\u00e1ri, T.-A. (2017). Ultrathin nanocrystalline magnetic wires. Crystals, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst7020048"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.06.094","article-title":"The effect of annealing on magnetic properties of \u201cThick\u201d microwires","volume":"831","author":"Zhukova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-8853(95)00393-2","article-title":"The remagnetization process of thin and ultrathin Fe-rich amorphous wires","volume":"151","author":"Zhukov","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.02.014","article-title":"Smart composites with embedded magnetic microwire inclusions allowing non-contact stresses and temperature monitoring","volume":"120","author":"Allue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2007.05.003","article-title":"Giant Magnetoimedance Materials: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"53","author":"Phan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhukova, V., Corte-Leon, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Legarreta, L., Talaat, A., Blanco, J.M., Ipatov, M., Olivera, J., and Zhukov, A. (2020). Optimization of magnetic properties of magnetic microwires by post-processing. Processes, 8.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202007.0107.v1"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.12.247","article-title":"Structural and magnetic transformations in amorphous ferromagnetic microwires during thermomagnetic treatment under conditions of directional crystallization","volume":"698","author":"Morchenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21356-3","article-title":"Tailoring of magnetoimpedance effect and magnetic softness of Fe-rich glass-coated microwires by stress-annealing","volume":"8","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(00)00554-0","article-title":"Magnetic properties and GMI in a CoFeSiB glass-covered microwire","volume":"21","author":"Pirota","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, J., Nematov, M., Yudanov, N., Podgornaya, S., and Panina, L. (2021). High-Frequency Magnetoimpedance (MI) and Stress-MI in Amorphous Microwires with Different Anisotropies. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051208"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.10.178","article-title":"Effect of stress annealing on magnetic properties and GMI effect of Co- and Fe-rich microwires","volume":"707","author":"Zhukova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Legarreta, L., Corte-Leon, P., Zhukova, V., Ipatov, M., Blanco, J.M., Gonzalez, J., and Zhukov, A. (2020). Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061558"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"2100130","article-title":"Tailoring of Magnetic Softness and Magnetoimpedance of Co-rich Microwires by Stress-annealing","volume":"218","author":"Zhukov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Stat. Sol. A"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2009.07.032","article-title":"Magnetic behaviour and domain structure in as-quenched, annealed, and stress-annealed CoFeCrSiB ribbons","volume":"321","author":"Hendrych","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2008.04.043","article-title":"Off-diagonal magnetoimpedance in stress-annealed amorphous ribbons","volume":"320","author":"Kraus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2017.08.014","article-title":"Engineering of magnetic softness and giant magnetoimpedance effect in Fe-rich microwires by stress-annealing","volume":"142","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2018.05.068","article-title":"Grading the magnetic anisotropy and engineering the domain wall dynamics in Fe-rich microwires by stress-annealing","volume":"155","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113923","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3446198","article-title":"Magnetic properties and microstructure of graded Fe\/FePt films","volume":"107","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182504","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3505521","article-title":"Continuously graded anisotropy in single (Fe53Pt47)100\u2212xCux films","volume":"97","author":"Zha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"07F531","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2835483","article-title":"Nucleation, and wall motion in graded media","volume":"103","author":"Skomski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corte-Le\u00f3n, P., Zhukova, V., Blanco, J.M., Chizhik, A., Ipatov, M., Gonzalez, J., Fert, A., and Zhukov, A. (2021). Engineering of domain wall propagation in magnetic microwires with graded magnetic anisotropy. Appl. Mater. Today, 101263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2021.101263"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157460","article-title":"Engineering of magnetic properties and magnetoimpedance effect in Fe-rich microwires by reversible and irreversible stress-annealing anisotropy","volume":"855","author":"Zhukova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2011.11.017","article-title":"Structural anisotropy of amorphous alloys with creep-induced magnetic anisotropy","volume":"60","author":"Ohnuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043910","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4816560","article-title":"Manipulation of domain wall dynamics in amorphous microwires through domain wall collision","volume":"114","author":"Zhukov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Chechemikov, V.I. (1963). Magnetic Measurements, Izd. MGU. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.1996.0315","article-title":"Magnetoelastic anisotropy distribution in glass-coated microwires","volume":"11","author":"Vazquez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"232","article-title":"Young\u2019s Modulus and Delay Time Characteristics of Ferromagnetic Fe-Si-B Amorphous Alloys","volume":"26","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Ser. A Phys. Chem. Metall."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1956.tb15634.x","article-title":"Elastic Moduli of Glasses at Elevated Temperatures by a Dynamic Method","volume":"39","author":"Spinner","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1139747","article-title":"A cylindrical furnace with homogeneous temperature distribution for use in a cubic high-pressure press","volume":"59","author":"Kawashima","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.165598","article-title":"The Effect of Heat Treatment on Magnetic and Thermal Properties of Finemet-type Ribbons and Microwires","volume":"492","author":"Churyukanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5107(02)00339-2","article-title":"Crystallization of amorphous alloy Co68Fe4Cr4Si13B11","volume":"96","author":"Rho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1080\/14786430500098934","article-title":"Effect of Fe addition on the crystallization behaviour and Curie temperature of CoCrSiB-based amorphous alloys","volume":"85","author":"Panda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Mag."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5066","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.35.5066","article-title":"Temperature, stress, and structural-relaxation dependence of the magnetostriction in (Co0.94Fe0.06)75Si15B10 glasses","volume":"35","author":"Hernando","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.12.224","article-title":"Engineering of magnetic properties and GMI effect in Co-rich amorphous microwires","volume":"664","author":"Zhukov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085009","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-6528\/ab3884","article-title":"Effect of annealing on specific magnetization of Fe-Cr-Nb-Cu-Si-B with the partial replacement of Fe by chromium","volume":"3","author":"Iqbal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1515\/ijmr-1991-820907","article-title":"Annealing Effect on the Curie Temperature, on the Saturation Magnetization and on the Crystallization Behaviour of Fe-B-Si-Cr Amorphous Alloys \/ Einflu\u00df des Temperns auf die Curie-Temperatur, die S\u00e4ttigungsmagnetisierung und das Kristallisationsverhalten amorpher Fe-B-Si-Cr-Legierungen","volume":"82","author":"Stergioudis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1063\/1.364882","article-title":"Switching mechanism in Co based amorphous wire","volume":"81","author":"Nderu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11467-017-0722-6","article-title":"AC-current-induced magnetization switching in amorphous microwires","volume":"13","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Phys."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/33\/10\/305","article-title":"Residual quenching stresses in glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic microwires","volume":"33","author":"Antonov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214433","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.76.214433","article-title":"Interdomain wall in amorphous glass-coated microwires","volume":"76","author":"Chiriac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2011.09.124","article-title":"Magnetoelastic contribution in domain wall dynamics of amorphous microwires","volume":"407","author":"Zhukova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physica B"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/18\/9\/008","article-title":"Internal stress distribution in DC joule-heated amorphous glass-covered microwires","volume":"18","author":"Astefanoaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Condens. Matter. Phys."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(98)00962-7","article-title":"The internal stresses dependence of the magnetic properties of cast amorphous microwires covered with glass insulation","volume":"196\u2013197","author":"Torcunov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6525","DOI":"10.1063\/1.349895","article-title":"Magnetoelastic anisotropy in amorphous wires due to quenching","volume":"70","author":"Hernando","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4984055","article-title":"Role of internal stresses in the formation of magnetic structure and magnetic properties of iron-based glass coated microwires","volume":"121","author":"Orlova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2005.10.156","article-title":"Study of surface magnetic properties in Co-rich amorphous microwires","volume":"300","author":"Chizhik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.154576","article-title":"Route of magnetoimpedance and domain walls dynamics optimization in Co-based microwires","volume":"830","author":"Zhukova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(97)01148-7","article-title":"Theory of giant magneto-impedance effect in amorphous wires with different types of magnetic anisotropy","volume":"185","author":"Usov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140353","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2014.0353","article-title":"Manufacture of electrical and magnetic graded and anisotropic materials for novel manipulations of microwaves","volume":"373","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222502","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2804609","article-title":"Recording simulations on graded media for area densities of up to 1 Tbit\/in.2","volume":"91","author":"Goncharov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.03.044","article-title":"Stress dependence of the magnetic properties of glass-coated amorphous microwires","volume":"789","author":"Zhukova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/1\/187\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1760169289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/1\/187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s22010187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22010187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]}}}