{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:40:29Z","timestamp":1765546829896,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Opening Research Fund from Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","award":["2021LHM-KFKT006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LHM-KFKT006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bite force measurement is an important parameter when checking the function and integrity of the masticatory system, whereas it is currently very difficult to measure bite force during functional movement. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the potential technique and device for the measurement and intervention of the continuous bite forces on functional and dynamic occlusal condition. A portable biosensor by sandwich technique was designed, and the validity, reliability, and sensitivity were determined by mechanical pressure loading tests; meanwhile, the pressure signal is acquired by, and transmitted to, voltage changes by the electrical measurements of the sensors. The result is that, when the mechanical stress detection device is thicker than 3.5 mm, it shows relatively ideal mechanical properties; however, when the thickness is less than 3.0 mm, there is a risk of cracking. Mechanical stress changing and voltage variation had a regularity and positive relationship in this study. The mechanical stress-measuring device made by medical and industrial cross has a good application prospect for the measurement of bite force during function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sandwich Integration Technique for the Pressure Sensor Detection of Occlusal Force In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jinxia","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Department of Prothodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Department of Prothodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606947","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.606947","article-title":"Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in the Masticatory System: From Biomechanical to Molecular Interactions","volume":"11","author":"Buvinic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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