{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:50:22Z","timestamp":1775872222344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Joint Israel-Italy lab in Biorobotics \u201cArtificial somatosensation for humans and humanoids\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Joint Israel-Italy lab in Biorobotics \u201cArtificial somatosensation for humans and humanoids\""]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effective control of trunk muscles is fundamental to perform most daily activities. Stroke affects this ability also when sitting, and the Modified Functional Reach Test is a simple clinical method to evaluate sitting balance. We characterize the upper body kinematics and muscular activity during this test. Fifteen chronic stroke survivors performed twice, in separate sessions, three repetitions of the test in forward and lateral directions with their ipsilesional arm. We focused our analysis on muscles of the trunk and of the contralesional, not moving, arm. The bilateral activations of latissimi dorsi, trapezii transversalis and oblique externus abdominis were left\/right asymmetric, for both test directions, except for the obliquus externus abdominis in the frontal reaching. Stroke survivors had difficulty deactivating the contralesional muscles at the end of each trial, especially the trapezii trasversalis in the lateral direction. The contralesional, non-moving arm had muscular activations modulated according to the movement phases of the moving arm. Repeating the task led to better performance in terms of reaching distance, supported by an increased activation of the trunk muscles. The reaching distance correlated negatively with the time-up-and-go test score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Modified Functional Reach Test: Upper-Body Kinematics and Muscular Activity in Chronic Stroke Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ballardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery and Functional Reeducation Unit, Rehabilitation Department, Santa Corona Hospital, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy"}]},{"given":"Psiche","family":"Giannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Lentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery and Functional Reeducation Unit, Rehabilitation Department, Santa Corona Hospital, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Movendo Technology s.r.l., 16128 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2338-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura","family":"Casadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1974","article-title":"A review on assessment and treatment of the trunk in stroke: A need or luxury","volume":"7","author":"Karthikbabu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. 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