{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:29:22Z","timestamp":1778898562197,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong","award":["ITT\/027\/19GP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITT\/027\/19GP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aimed to develop an autonomous system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to land on moving platforms such as an automobile or a marine vessel, providing a promising solution for a long-endurance flight operation, a large mission coverage range, and a convenient recharging ground station. Unlike most state-of-the-art UAV landing frameworks that rely on UAV onboard computers and sensors, the proposed system fully depends on the computation unit situated on the ground vehicle\/marine vessel to serve as a landing guidance system. Such a novel configuration can therefore lighten the burden of the UAV, and the computation power of the ground vehicle\/marine vessel can be enhanced. In particular, we exploit a sensor fusion-based algorithm for the guidance system to perform UAV localization, whilst a control method based upon trajectory optimization is integrated. Indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted, and the results show that precise autonomous landing on a 43 cm \u00d7 43 cm platform can be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:08:26Z","timestamp":1641769706000},"page":"404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Proactive Guidance for Accurate UAV Landing on a Dynamic Platform: A Visual\u2013Inertial Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8570-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Yu","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiu Ching","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Shik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1181-8786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yung","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7386-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weifeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Wang, L., Tian, T., and Yin, J. 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