{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:28:16Z","timestamp":1785335296246,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TM R&amp;D malaysia","award":["MMUE\/190001.02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMUE\/190001.02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For low input radio frequency (RF) power from \u221235 to 5 dBm, a novel quad-band RF energy harvester (RFEH) with an improved impedance matching network (IMN) is proposed to overcome the poor conversion efficiency and limited RF power range of the ambient environment. In this research, an RF spectral survey was performed in the semi-urban region of Malaysia, and using these results, a multi-frequency highly sensitive RF energy harvester was designed to harvest energy from available frequency bands within the 0.8 GHz to 2.6 GHz frequency range. Firstly, a new IMN is implemented to improve the rectifying circuit\u2019s efficiency in ambient conditions. Secondly, a self-complementary log-periodic higher bandwidth antenna is proposed. Finally, the design and manufacture of the proposed RF harvester\u2019s prototype are carried out and tested to realize its output in the desired frequency bands. For an accumulative \u221215 dBm input RF power that is uniformly universal across the four radio frequency bands, the harvester\u2019s calculated dc rectification efficiency is about 35 percent and reaches 52 percent at \u221220 dBm. Measurement in an ambient RF setting shows that the proposed harvester is able to harvest dc energy at \u221220 dBm up to 0.678 V.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:08:26Z","timestamp":1641769706000},"page":"424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Design of a Highly Efficient Wideband Multi-Frequency Ambient RF Energy Harvester"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-185X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunanda","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jiat","family":"Tiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mardeni Bin","family":"Roslee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Tanvir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas Z.","family":"Kouzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A. Parvez","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2016.2565697","article-title":"A Novel Six-Band Dual CP Rectenna Using Improved Impedance Matching Technique for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting","volume":"64","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1984.1132833","article-title":"The History of Power Transmission by Radio Waves","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. 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