{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:50:58Z","timestamp":1767084658439,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["UMA18-FEDERJA-172","P18-FR-4647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMA18-FEDERJA-172","P18-FR-4647"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fifth-generation (5G) network is presented as one of the main options for Industry 4.0 connectivity. To comply with critical messages, 5G offers the Ultra-Reliable and Low latency Communications (URLLC) service category with a millisecond end-to-end delay and reduced probability of failure. There are several approaches to achieve these requirements; however, these come at a cost in terms of redundancy, particularly the solutions based on multi-connectivity, such as Packet Duplication (PD). Specifically, this paper proposes a Machine Learning (ML) method to predict whether PD is required at a specific data transmission to successfully send a URLLC message. This paper is focused on reducing the resource usage with respect to pure static PD. The concept was evaluated on a 5G simulator, comparing between single connection, static PD and PD with the proposed prediction model. The evaluation results show that the prediction model reduced the number of packets sent with PD by 81% while maintaining the same level of latency as a static PD technique, which derives from a more efficient usage of the network resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T03:14:03Z","timestamp":1642130043000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dynamic Packet Duplication for Industrial URLLC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Segura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Telecomunicaci\u00f3n (TELMA), Universidad de M\u00e1laga, CEI Andaluc\u00eda TECH E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 35, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil J.","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Telecomunicaci\u00f3n (TELMA), Universidad de M\u00e1laga, CEI Andaluc\u00eda TECH E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 35, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Telecomunicaci\u00f3n (TELMA), Universidad de M\u00e1laga, CEI Andaluc\u00eda TECH E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 35, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-014-0334-4","article-title":"Industry 4.0","volume":"6","author":"Lasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"3GPP (2021, September 28). TR 38.913, Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies; V14.3.0, Rel-14. Available online: https:\/\/portal.3gpp.org\/desktopmodules\/Specifications\/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=2996."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"5G Americas (2021, December 21). New Services & Applications with 5G Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications; 5G Americas White Paper, November 2018. 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