{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:32:25Z","timestamp":1774121545158,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antennas in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by the enhanced capacity of the network, longer range of transmission, better spatial reuse, and lower interference. In this paper, we propose a planar patch antenna for mobile communication applications operating at 1.8, 3.5, and 5.4 GHz. A planar microstrip patch antenna (MPA) consists of two F-shaped resonators that enable operations at 1.8 and 3.5 GHz while operation at 5.4 GHz is achieved when the patch is truncated from the middle. The proposed planar patch is printed on a low-cost FR-4 substrate that is 1.6 mm in thickness. The equivalent circuit model is also designed to validate the reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna with the S11 obtained from the circuit model. It contains three RLC (resistor\u2013inductor\u2013capacitor) circuits for generating three frequency bands for the proposed antenna. Thereby, we obtained a good agreement between simulation and measurement results. The proposed antenna has an elliptically shaped radiation pattern at 1.8 and 3.5 GHz, while the broadside directional pattern is obtained at the 5.4 GHz frequency band. At 1.8, 3.5, and 5.4 GHz, the simulated peak realized gains of 2.34, 5.2, and 1.42 dB are obtained and compared to the experimental peak realized gains of 2.22, 5.18, and 1.38 dB at same frequencies. The results indicate that the proposed planar patch antenna can be utilized for mobile applications such as digital communication systems (DCS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area networks (WLAN).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Implementation of a Miniaturized Planar Tri-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Sensors in Mobile Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Saad","family":"Elkorany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Alyaa Nehru","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarosh","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demyana Adel","family":"Saleeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Soruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Faculty of Ferdows, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Dalarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alibakhshikenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Limiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Vial Del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Balanis, C.A. 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