{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T02:35:57Z","timestamp":1783823757416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0306200,  2017YFA0205800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0306200,  2017YFA0205800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61875218, 61521005, 61991440, 91850208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875218, 61521005, 61991440, 91850208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["QYZDJSSWJSC007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDJSSWJSC007"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB43010200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB43010200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20QA1410400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20QA1410400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18JC1420401, 20JC1416000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JC1420401, 20JC1416000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2019SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHZDZX01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benefiting from the inherent capacity for detecting longer wavelengths inaccessible to human eyes, infrared photodetectors have found numerous applications in both military and daily life, such as individual combat weapons, automatic driving sensors and night-vision devices. However, the imperfect material growth and incomplete device manufacturing impose an inevitable restriction on the further improvement of infrared photodetectors. The advent of artificial microstructures, especially metasurfaces, featuring with strong light field enhancement and multifunctional properties in manipulating the light\u2013matter interactions on subwavelength scale, have promised great potential in overcoming the bottlenecks faced by conventional infrared detectors. Additionally, metasurfaces exhibit versatile and flexible integration with existing detection semiconductors. In this paper, we start with a review of conventionally bulky and recently emerging two-dimensional material-based infrared photodetectors, i.e., InGaAs, HgCdTe, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus devices. As to the challenges the detectors are facing, we further discuss the recent progress on the metasurfaces integrated on the photodetectors and demonstrate their role in improving device performance. All information provided in this paper aims to open a new way to boost high-performance infrared photodetectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Recent Progress in Improving the Performance of Infrared Photodetectors via Optical Field Manipulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, 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Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengyue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, 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