{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:16:36Z","timestamp":1764494196223,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","award":["618QN308 and 2019RC258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["618QN308 and 2019RC258"]}]},{"name":"the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["2020361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020361"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology project of Sanya city","award":["2018KS03 and 2017YD13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018KS03 and 2017YD13"]}]},{"name":"the Knowledge Innovation Engineering Frontier Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Y770011001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y770011001"]}]},{"name":"the project of Key Laboratory of Space Laser Information Transmission and Detection Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["KJL-2021-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJL-2021-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of the most direct approaches to perceive the world, optical images can provide plenty of useful information for underwater applications. However, underwater images often present color deviation due to the light attenuation in the water, which reduces the efficiency and accuracy in underwater applications. To improve the color reproduction of underwater images, we proposed a method with adjusting the spectral component of the light source and the spectral response of the detector. Then, we built the experimental setup to study the color deviation of underwater images with different lamps and different cameras. The experimental results showed that, a) in terms of light source, the color deviation of an underwater image with warm light LED (Light Emitting Diode) (with the value of \u0394a*2+\u0394b*2 being 26.58) was the smallest compared with other lamps, b) in terms of detectors, the color deviation of images with the 3\u00d7CMOS RGB camera (a novel underwater camera with three CMOS sensors developed for suppressing the color deviation in our team) (with the value of \u0394a*2+\u0394b*2 being 25.25) was the smallest compared with other cameras. The experimental result (i.e., the result of color improvement between different lamps or between different cameras) verified our assumption that the underwater image color could be improved by adjusting the spectral component of the light source and the spectral response of the detector. Differing from the color improvement method with image processing, this color-improvement method was based on hardware, which had advantages, including more image information being retained and less-time being consumed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T20:49:21Z","timestamp":1642452561000},"page":"692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Color Improvement of Underwater Images Based on Light Source and Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Quan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]},{"given":"Yucong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]},{"given":"Kaibin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]},{"given":"Jingchuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2018.2872500","article-title":"An Optical Image Transmission System for Deep Sea Creature Sampling Missions Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicle","volume":"45","author":"Ahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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