{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1772253004750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intelligent Water Networks","award":["2000002012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2000002012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concrete condition-assessing penetrometers need to be able to distinguish between making contact with a hard (concrete) surface as opposed to a semi-solid (corroded concrete) surface. We investigated whether different shaped tips of a cylindrical penetrometer were better than others at maintaining contact with concrete and not slipping. We designed a range of simple symmetric tip shapes, controlled by a single superellipse parameter. We performed a finite element analysis of these parametric models in SolidWorks before machining in stainless steel. We tested our penetrometer tips on a concrete paver cut to four angles at 20\u2218 increments. The results indicate that the squircle-shaped tip had the least slippage when used for concrete condition assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1642626111000},"page":"737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterising Penetrometer Tip Contact during Concrete Condition Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9611-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avinash","family":"Baji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Water Networks, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brongers, M., Virmani, P., and Payer, J. 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